How do Champaign County Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Champaign County Indicated reports FY 2010 SourceNumber Percent of total Law enforcement22548% Medical 6915% School personnel 5712% Relative/neighbor 38 8% Social Services 36 8% “Other” 29 6% DCFS personnel 12 3% % Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

How do Children Enter the Child Welfare System? Champaign County As shown above, law enforcement was the largest source of indicated reports in Champaign County. Further, law enforcement reports overall were more likely to be indicated than reports from other sources. - 55% of reports from law enforcement were indicated in FY % of reports from medical personnel were indicated. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

What Types of Harm do Children Experience? Champaign County Type N indicated% of total ABUSE Substantial risk of harm9616% Physical abuse49 8% Sexual abuse31 5% Emotional abuse3<1% NEGLECT Blatant disregard28648% Lack of supervision 9115% Environmental29 5% Lack of health 9 2% % Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

What Types of Harm …? Champaign County By far the most common harm to children is neglect/ blatant disregard for child’s welfare, representing almost half (48%) of all indicated reports. The second most common is abuse/substantial risk of harm (16%), followed by neglect/lack of supervision (15%). Sexual abuse per se accounts for 5% of indicated cases. However, when this is combined with substantial risk of sexual injury, then 12% of cases relate to sexual harm to children. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Champaign County In 2010, 164 children and youth entered foster care in Champaign County. Gender: Male – 54%, Female – 46% Race: White 38% African American55% Hispanic05% Other/Missing02% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 Who Entered Care in 2010?

Who is in Care? Champaign County - At the close of FY10, 535 children were in out-of-home care in Champaign County. This was a slight decrease from the previous year. - 36% of children were White - 61% were African American - 02% were Latino* - 01 % were unknown - < 01% were Asian * Source: DCFS QA FY There are on-going concerns about how Latino or Hispanic ethnicity is determined for DCFS clients.

Who is in Care? Champaign County GENDER 48% of youth are female, 51% male, 1% unknown AGE 20% 2 or under 19% % % % % 18+ Children were fairly evenly distributed across age. A relatively large percent of youth (1 in 10) is 18 or older. 20% were 2 or under. Source: DCFS QA 2010

What are the Permanency Goals for Youth in Care?* Champaign County Reunification26055% Adoption 11324% Guardianship 12 3% Independence 8518% % Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 *This table excludes the children for whom data were missing or coded as “other”

Where are Children Placed?* Champaign County - with kin (52%) - traditional foster care (26%) - specialized care (13%) - institution/group care (9%) * QA data combines foster and relative care, thus this information is from CFRC for FY09.

How was Permanency Achieved For Children in 2010? Champaign County 139 children achieved permanency in FY10 Reunification7755% Adoption4935% Subsidized Guardianship13 9% Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

How have Permanency Rates Changed over Time? Champaign County Source: CFRC 2009

How have 24 Month Permanency Rates Changed Over Time? Champaign County Source: CFRC 2009

What are the Permanency Trends in our County? Champaign County Over the last 5 years, Champaign County has seen much fluctuation in 12 month permanency, ranging from 29% for youth entering in 2004, to just 10% for those entering in For the most recent data available, 25% of youth achieved permanency within 12 months of placement. 24 month permanency has improved, from 40% of children who entered care in 2006 to 48% of children who entered care in 2007 and exited by Source: CFRC [Such data are not yet available from QA]

Disproportionality and Disparity in our Action Team Area Peoria County DISPROPORTIONALITY: The percentage of children in a population as compared to the percentage of children in the same group in the child welfare system. For example, if 25% of the children in a county were African American, then 25% of those in foster care should be African American, all things being equal. That would be proportional. If these percents differ there is disproportionality. DISPARITY: Unequal treatment and/or outcomes when comparing children of color to non-minority children. For example, if Hispanic children are less likely to achieve permanency than white children then there is disparity - disparate outcomes by race/ethnicity

Is There Disproportionality in Champaign County? Champaign County YES. African American children continue to be overrepresented among children in care in our County. 22% of the child population is African American, compared to 61% of those in care. 72% of the child population is White, compared to 37% of those in care. 6% of the child population is Hispanic, compared to 2% of those in care This overrepresentation of African American children has been the trend for many years. Source: 2009 population data come from CFRC, 2010 placement data from QA

Champaign County Disproportionality

Champaign County Disproportionality Over Time

Champaign County Are There Differences in Permanency Goals by Race?* NO African American White. Reunification157 54%9856% Adoption74 26%3721% Guardianship 9 3%3 2% Independence 49 17%36 21% African American and White children are similar in their permanency goals, with AA children somewhat more likely to have a goal of adoption and White children somewhat more likely to have a goal of independence. *This table excludes children for whom permanency goals were missing or coded as “other”. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement? Champaign County YES, but the difference was small in FY10. In FY10, 80 African American children and 55 white children achieved permanency. African American children and White children who were in care in FY10 left care at similar rates, with White children somewhat more likely to leave care than African American children (White 28% & African American 25%) White youth were much more likely than African American youth to exit via reunification (64% vs. 48%) African American youth were much more likely than White youth to exit via guardianship (14% vs. 4%) African American youth were more likely than White youth to exit via adoption (39% vs. 33%) Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement Over Time? Champaign County Source: CFRC 2009

Is There Disparity in Permanency Achievement Over Time? Champaign County

What is the “Bottom Line” on Disproportionality? Champaign County Are African American children more likely to be reported as neglected / abused than White children in Champaign County? YES Children in Champaign County are reported at very different rates, with African American children reported at far higher rates than their numbers in the population would predict. In FY 10, AA children represented about 22% of the child population but 46% of the reported cases. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

What is the “Bottom Line” on Disproportionality? Champaign County Once reported, are African American children more likely to be indicated than White children? YES In FY10 of all reports for African American children, 31% were indicated. Of all reports for White children, 22% were indicated. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Champaign County Once indicated do African American and White children enter care at similar rates? NO In FY10, African American children were slightly more likely to enter care. 31% of African American children of those indicated entered care 29% of White children of those indicated entered care Source: DCFS QA FY 2010 What is the “Bottom Line” on Disparity?

Disparity Champaign County Were African American children less likely to have reunification as a goal than White children? NO There was little difference in FY10. However, African American children were somewhat more likely to have a goal of adoption. White children were somewhat more likely to have a goal of independence. Were African American children less likely to exit care than White children? NO There was little difference in Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Disparity Champaign County Did African American children achieve permanency differently from White children? YES African American children were less likely than White children to go home, more likely to exit care through guardianship and more likely to exit through adoption. Source: DCFS QA FY 2010

Disproportionality and Disparity: The Summary Champaign County YES African American children and youth are reported at much higher rates than White children in Champaign County and these reports are more likely to be indicated. Once in care, however, African American and White children have similar permanency rates, particularly in recent years. The difference is in how permanency is achieved.

On-going Questions for our Area Champaign County In Champaign County difference by race is clear at entry (far more African American children are reported and a higher percentage of reported African American child reports are indicated). This suggests that one area of effort might be the front end, e.g. – developing community responses that divert African American families – meeting with law enforcement and medical personnel to examine disproportionate reporting