Jet-like correlations of heavy-flavor particles - From RHIC to LHC

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Jet-like correlations of heavy-flavor particles - From RHIC to LHC André Mischke Utrecht University 27th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics Winter Park, Colorado – February 6-13, 2011

Outline Introduction Results from RHIC Simulation studies at LHC energies Summary Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 2

Energy loss of heavy quarks Higher penetrating power (mQ>> Tc, QCD)  probe deeper into the medium Dead-cone effect gluon radiation suppressed at small angles (q < mQ/EQ) Y. Dokshitzer, D. Kharzeev, PLB 519, 199 (2001), hep-ph/0106202 Less energy loss Eg > ELQ > EHQ parton hot and dense medium Wicks et al., Nucl. Phys. A784, 426 (2007) mc ≈ 260 mu,d mb ≈ 3.5 mc bottom charm Gluon radiation probability: Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 3

RAA of single electrons at RHIC Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 192301 (2007) arXiv:1005.1627, subm. to PRC Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 172301 (2007) – A. Adil and I. Vitev, PLB649, 139 (2007) light quark hadrons c  e+ + X (BR = 9.6%) b  e+ + X (BR = 10.86%) RAA(e) ≈ RAA(h) at pT > 6 GeV/c Not in line with expectations from dead-cone effect Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 4

D and B contributions to single electrons M. Cacciari et al., PRL 95, 122001 (2005) – charm - - bottom NLO pQCD: D/B meson crossing point is largely unknown Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 5

Heavy-flavor particle correlations K- b B- D*0 D0 + e e- B+ - K+ like-sign pairs near-side correlation unlike-sign pairs away-side Identify and separate charm and bottom quark pairs using their decay topology azimuthal angular correlation of their decay products charm production trigger side probe side 3.83% 54% ~10% – A.M., PLB 671, 361 (2009) PYTHIA, pp@200 GeV like-sign pairs bottom dominant charm dominant – – Near- and away-side correlation peak expected for B decays Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 6

Single electron - D0 azimuthal correlations STAR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 202301 (2010) essentially from B decays only 75% from charm 25% from beauty Extraction of relative B contribution using different models: Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 7

Electron-hadron azimuthal correlations PHENIX, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 082002 (2009) STAR, Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 202301 (2010) Exploit different fragmentation of associated jets X. Lin, arXiv:hep-ph/0602067 Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 8

B contribution to single electrons Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 082002 (2009) Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 202301 (2010) B and D contributions comparable at pT > 5 GeV/c and consistent with pQCD calculation at Fixed-Order plus Next-to-Leading Logarithm (FONLL) Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011

Comparison to energy loss models Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 202301 (2010) RAA = rB RAAeB + (1-rB) RAAeD B production in heavy ion collisions stronger suppressed at high pT than expected Original radiative energy loss calculation excluded Direct D and B measurements in heavy-ion collisions will come in the near future (silicon μ-vertex detector upgrades) pT > 5 GeV/c I: M. Djordjevic et al., PLB 632, 81 (2006) II: R. Sharma et al., PRC80, 054902 (2009) III: H. van Hees et al., PRL 100, 192301 (2008) Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011

Single electron-hadron correlations in A+A PHENIX, arXiv:1011.1477, subm. to Phys. Rev. C G. Wang, Hard Probes 2010 Away-side modification? Improved statistics and better background rejection needed for conclusion Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011

Heavy flavor production at LHC Maximal collision energy: √sNN = 5.52 TeV Expected initial energy density: ~100 GeV/fm3 (10 times higher than at RHIC) Relatively long-lived QGP phase Thermal equilibrium reached much faster(?)  Most of the in-medium effects should be enhanced Higher heavy-flavor production rates Charm and bottom yields - NLO pQCD predictions using MNR PDF - ~factor 2 uncertainty for Pb-Pb from NLO and shadowing system, sNN pp @ 14 TeV Pb-Pb (0-5%) @ 5.5 TeV 0.16 / 0.006 115 / 4.6 Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011

Single electron RAA and correlations at LHC Pyquen: Pb-Pb(5%) @ 5.5 TeV pp: Pythia Pb-Pb: Pyquen T0 = 1 GeV t0 = 0.15 fm/c # quark flavours: 2 5 < pTele < 7.5 GeV/c Light hadrons Electron RAA similar to results from “more sophisticated” energy loss model calculations Near side: B decays and charm from gluon splitting Away side: charm flavor creation Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 13

Single electron – D0 azimuthal correlations 2 < pTtrig-ele < 4 GeV/c Pyquen: Pb-Pb(5%) @ 5.5 TeV Pythia Pyquen different D0 pT bins Near side: B decays and gluon splitting charm Away side: charm flavor creation 900M events Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 14

Df(e, D0): Near-side width and IAA 2 < pTtrig-ele < 4 GeV/c IAA of near-side yield Slightly broader peak for Pyquen compared to Pythia Suppression of D0 yield for Pyquen Next: fragmentation function Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 15

Charm production: NLO processes cbar g flavor creation gluon splitting   0    E. Norrbin, T. Sjostrand, Eur. Phys. J. C17, 137 (2000) Leading order - flavor creation (FC) Next-to-leading order - gluon splitting (GS) - flavor excitation NLO processes become important at LHC energies RHIC LHC Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 16

Gluon splitting contribution RHIC LHC MC@NLO LO PYTHIA like-sign e-K pairs 3 < pT < 7 GeV/c A. M., Phys. Lett. B671, 361 (2009) GS charm + B decays GS charm only p+p@200 GeV PYTHIA p+p@5.5 TeV Azimuthal correlations of single electrons and D0: gluon splitting contribution appears at near-side NLO processes become important at LHC Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 17

Gluon splitting rate “D* in jet” measurement D* z jet axis different fragmentation characteristic soft charm FF for gluon jets STAR, Phys. Rev. D79, 112006 (2009) LHC ? hard (FC) soft (GS) z MC@NLO z = pL(D*)/Egluon-jet Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 18

“D*+ in jet” analysis UA1 jet reconstruction A. Grelli, HQ2010 1.1M 7 TeV pp jet events Charged track jets in |η| < 0.5 4 jet algorithms compared Uncorrected spectra UA1 jet reconstruction Rcone size = 0.4 Ethr = 10 GeV standard D*+ reconstruction lower background Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 19

Δ between leading particles and D*+ A. Grelli, HQ2010 Full PYTHIA simulation, pp@10 TeV gluon splitting + flavor creation Prove of principle Needs more statistics and efficient trigger Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 20

Summary Heavy quarks particularly good probes to study the properties of hot quark matter (especially the transport properties) abundantly produced at LHC energies Jet-like correlations of heavy-flavor particles allow to study modification of fragmentation function in the QCD medium NLO processes (such as gluon splitting) become important: accessible via “charm content in jets” measurements Many more to come! Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 21

Backup Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 22

Single electron RAA at LHC Pyquen: Pb-Pb(5%) @ 5.5 TeV T0 = 1 GeV t0 = 0.15 fm/c # quark flavors: 2 H. van Hees and R. Rapp, 2007 I. Vitev, A. Adil & H. van Hees, 2007 Pyquen Pythia afterburner Radiative (generalisation of BDMPS) and collisional energy loss (high-pT approximation) Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 23

Df(e,D0) correlations for like-sign pairs Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 24

Near-side width and yield Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 25

Near-side IAA Andre Mischke (ERC-UU) WWND 2011 26