LHC Large Hadron Collider Richard Lasky – Summer 2010.

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Presentation transcript:

LHC Large Hadron Collider Richard Lasky – Summer 2010

Large Hadron Collider The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva, where it spans the border between Switzerland and France about 100 m underground Two beams of subatomic particles called 'hadrons' – either protons or lead ions – will travel in opposite directions inside the circular accelerator, gaining energy with every lap

CERN map

CERN below ground

Acceleration of particles 9wc 9wc

LHC experiments Six experiments at the LHC are all run by international collaborations The two large experiments, ATLAS and CMS, are based on general-purpose detectors to analyze the myriad of particles produced by the collisions in the acceleratorATLASCMS Two medium-size experiments, ALICE and LHCb, have specialized detectors for analyzing the LHC collisions in relation to specific phenomenaALICELHCb Two experiments, TOTEM and LHCf, are much smaller in size. They are designed to focus on ‘forward particles’ (protons or heavy ions)TOTEMLHCf

Atlas Collision events nt nt

Function of Detector components PositonEnergy Tracking Electromagnetic Hadronic Muon chambers chambercalorimeter electron & positrons YES -- photons-YES-- pionsYES -- neutrons--YES- muons neutrinosYES

Interaction of various particles with the different components of a detector

How does a tracking detector work? Very simply - the curvature of the path can be measured and from that the momentum can be determined. Here is how it works: The track is circular is circular so the force required to keep the particle moving on a circular path is given by F = mv 2 / r The force experienced by a particle in an electric field is given by F = qvB

How does a tracking detector work? The field CAUSES the circular path, the EFFECT; so here it means that qvB = mv 2 / r which simplified is mv = qBr = p Or the Momentum, P = qBr q = coulomb constant = 1.6 X 10ˉ¹⁹ B = magnetic field r = radius of curvature

CMS(Compact Muon Solenoid) detector p/a/f/1/2jup2R9Jtnc

Atlas Detector

Detection of particles uvc&feature=related uvc&feature=related

CERN overview w&feature=related w&feature=related

LHC rap M M

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