Objective Personality Tests

Personal Profiles n Internal-external n Need for control n Interests n Etc….

Examples of unidimensional traits n Locus of Control (Rotter) n Type A/B n Impulsive/Reflective (Kagan - Matching familiar figures) n Field Dependent/Independent (Witkin - embedded figures)

Unidimensional trait Impulsive/Reflective (Kagan - Matching Familiar Figures - MFF) n Jerome Kagan – 1965 n Based on time to react n Slower, more accurate = reflective n Faster, less accurate = impulsive

Unidimensional traits Field Dependent/Independent (Witkin - Embedded Figures Test - EFT) Herman Witkin – 1950’s Field Dependent – has trouble finding geometric shape embedded in background = very interpersonal, reads social cues well, openly convey own feelings. Women more likely field dependent

Unidimensional traits Field independent – readily finds geometric shape regardless of background = has internal frame of reference, imposes own sense of order on situation lacking structure, impersonal and task oriented, separate own self identity from field. Men frequently field independent.

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (MBTI) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (MBTI) n Isabel Briggs Myers and Katherine Briggs n 1940s n Based on Jung’s personality dimensions n 126 forced choice questions n minutes

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) n Heavily used in research n lots of validity studies n used in academic and counseling settings n vocational preferences n interpersonal interactions

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (example of MBTI types) (example of MBTI types) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (example of MBTI types) (example of MBTI types) n Measures 4 dimensions of personality extroversion-introversion (EI) sensing-intuition (SN) thinking-feeling (TF) judgement-perception (JP) n combine into 16 personality types e.g. ESTJ

Keirsey Temperament Sorter – II KTS-II KTS-II Keirsey Temperament Sorter – II KTS-II KTS-II Similar to MBTI test profile - high validity – computerized - shorter n 4 Scales n (E)=Expressive vs. (I)=Attentive n (S)=Observant vs. (N)=Introspective n (T)=Tough-minded vs. (F)=Friendly n (J)=Scheduling vs. (P)=Probing

Kolb Learning Styles Kolb’s theory Kolb’s theory Kolb Learning Styles Kolb’s theory Kolb’s theory  David Kolb – 1984  Experiential learning theory (Rogers, Jung, Piaget)  Four learning styles form a learning cycle Based on: Immediate or Concrete experiences Immediate or Concrete experiences Lead to: Observations and Reflections Observations and Reflections

Kolb’s Learning Cycle n Experiencing n Reflecting n Thinking n Acting

Learning model n Concrete Experience – (CE) n Reflective Observation – (RO) n Abstract Conceptualization – (AC) n Active Experimentation – (AE)

Kolb’s learning styles

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) n Original development 1940 –Hathaway & McKinley n (MMPI ) MMPI-2-RF 2008 n Over 18 years n MMPI -A – 1992 (adolescent) 14 – 18 yrs n Clinical populations n paper-pencil, computer or audio n minutes n About 338 questions

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF)(MMPI-2-RF) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2-RF)(MMPI-2-RF) n Criterion based (or data reduction) large pool of questions select appropriate criterion groups factor analysis

MMPI – 2-RF scales n 50 scales n 8 Validity scales n addiction scales n supplemental scales

Problems with MMPI-2  norms  inter-item consistency is low  high inter correlations between scores  validity  reading at 6th grade  self-report

California Psychological Inventory-260 (CPI)(CPI) California Psychological Inventory-260 (CPI)(CPI) n Developed revised 2005 n assess normal adult personality n 260 true/false questions (1/2 from MMPI) n minutes n paper-pencil n normed on college students

California Psychological Inventory (CPI) n 29 socially desirable behavioral tendencies Interpersonal styles self acceptance self control flexibility n more positive than MMPI n used for educational, vocational, counseling

16 Personality Factors - 16 PF16 PF 16 Personality Factors - 16 PF16 PF n Cattell last revised 2000 n data reduction by factor analysis n administer hundreds of questions and factor analyze responses = 16 factors n 185 items (true, ?, false) n minutes n 7th grade reading level n computer or hand score

16 Personality Factors - 16 PF n Measures 16 primary personality traits n Heavily used in research n good reliability - test/retest n good validity - construct and criterion n lots of norms and profiles n used for career and vocational guidance

Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO – PI-R NEO – PI-R Revised NEO Personality Inventory NEO – PI-R NEO – PI-R n Costa & McCrae /1995 n Neuroticism n Extraversion n Openness n Agreeableness n Conscientiousness