1 Arc Hydro

UC 2006 Tech Session2 Review of geodatabase issues Adding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabaseAdding shapefiles and coverages into an ArcMap session does not make a geodatabase Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase.Loading shapefiles and coverages into a geodatabase does not make a (efficient) geodatabase. Ignoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownershipIgnoring geodatabase capabilities increases cost of development and ownership When developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own perilWhen developing data, ignore spatial reference issues at your own peril SDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow developmentSDE and versioning (including disconnected editing) do not replace the need for careful workflow development

UC 2006 Tech Session3 How “Things” Build Up Database developmentDatabase development Data preparationData preparation Terrain preparationTerrain preparation “Watershed” delineation“Watershed” delineation “Watershed” characterization“Watershed” characterization ParameterizationParameterization Model pre and post-processingModel pre and post-processing Generic Semi-Generic Model Specific

UC 2006 Tech Session4 Arc Hydro Template Data Model

UC 2006 Tech Session5 Parcel…Arc Hydro Template Data Models HEC…FEMA Project Data Models FeatureTopologyObject ArcGIS Core Data Model OGC FGDC ISO GIS/IT Standards Industry Templates Provide an Important Link Between Project Teams, Standards, and ESRI Software Development Template Data Models

UC 2006 Tech Session6 Arc Hydro Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model)Extension of geodatabase model for support of water resources applications (template data model) Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book)Culmination of a three year process led by D.R. Maidment through GIS in Water Resources Consortium (Arc Hydro book) Collection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functionsCollection of tools for support of Arc Hydro geodatabase design and basic water resources functions Starting point for water resources database and application developmentStarting point for water resources database and application development

UC 2006 Tech Session7 Basic idea: Transition from … Streams Drainage Areas Hydrography Channels Terrain Surfaces Rainfall Response Digital Orthophotos Data Model Based on Inventory

UC 2006 Tech Session8 … and … Follow a drop of water from where it falls on the land, to the stream, and all the way to the ocean. Data Model Based on Behavior

UC 2006 Tech Session9 … to Arc Hydro Data Model Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement Integrate Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model

UC 2006 Tech Session10 Basic Concepts Define core feature classes for water resources analysesDefine core feature classes for water resources analyses Establish relationships between core feature classesEstablish relationships between core feature classes Use geometric network for tying pieces togetherUse geometric network for tying pieces together Mobilization of standard ArcGIS functionalityMobilization of standard ArcGIS functionality Custom tools for some of the attribute managementCustom tools for some of the attribute management Custom tools for advanced “water resources” functionalityCustom tools for advanced “water resources” functionality

UC 2006 Tech Session11 Data Model Purpose Target audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementationTarget audience: Water resources (surface) community interested in quick start in ArcGIS implementation Starting point for project model designStarting point for project model design Not a “do all” designNot a “do all” design Not implementation/application specific, but provides the key components to develop on top ofNot implementation/application specific, but provides the key components to develop on top of –The user needs to add additional data structures for their specific requirements – still work to be done!

UC 2006 Tech Session12 Arc Hydro Template Data Model Approaches Floodplain WQ Permitting Water Resources

UC 2006 Tech Session13 Arc Hydro Database Definition A geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGISA geospatial and temporal data model for water resources that operates within ArcGIS Five key conceptual areasFive key conceptual areas –Drainage - Drainage areas and stream lines defined from surface topography –Flow network - Connected sets of points and lines showing pathways of water flow –Hydrography - The base data from topographic maps and tabular data inventories –Channel description - A 3-D line representation of the shape of river and stream channels –Time series - Tabular attribute data describing time-varying water properties for any hydro feature

UC 2006 Tech Session14 Arc Hydro Data Model

UC 2006 Tech Session15 Arc Hydro Data Model Details Detailed representation at the end of corresponding chapters in the book (e.g. p 51)Detailed representation at the end of corresponding chapters in the book (e.g. p 51)

UC 2006 Tech Session16

UC 2006 Tech Session17 Arc Hydro Key Fields Few predefined fields/attributesFew predefined fields/attributes –Identification/relates HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, …HydroID, NextDownID, DrainID, JunctionID, FeatureID, … HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, …HydroCode, ReachCode, CSCode, … –Measures LengthKm, AreaSqKmLengthKm, AreaSqKm LengthDown, DrainAreaLengthDown, DrainArea –Auxiliary FType, Name, Flowdir, …FType, Name, Flowdir, …

UC 2006 Tech Session18 HydroID Story HydroID – a unique integer identifier for every feature within a geodatabaseHydroID – a unique integer identifier for every feature within a geodatabase An internal identifier whose value is used for establishing the relationships within the Arc Hydro data model (HydroID, DrainID, NextDownID, JunctionID, …)An internal identifier whose value is used for establishing the relationships within the Arc Hydro data model (HydroID, DrainID, NextDownID, JunctionID, …) Focus on local (within a geodatabase) uniqueness, but can be made globalFocus on local (within a geodatabase) uniqueness, but can be made global

UC 2006 Tech Session19 HydroCode Story

UC 2006 Tech Session20 Relationships Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties.Establish a formal (geodatabase) relationship between two feature (object) classes using predefined ID properties. –HydroID-based (e.g. NextDownID, JunctionID, DrainID) “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody”“HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” “HydroJunctionHasWatershed”“HydroJunctionHasWatershed” “HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint”“HydroJunctionHasMonitoringPoint” “MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”“MonitoringPointHasTimeSeries”

UC 2006 Tech Session21 Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - definition)

UC 2006 Tech Session22 Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - design)

UC 2006 Tech Session23 Relationships (an example – “HydroJunctionHasWaterbody” - use)

UC 2006 Tech Session24 Connecting to Time Series HydroID CrossSectionHydroPoint DrainagePoint Junction TimeSeries Time Flow FeatureID FeatureID of time series is HydroID of the feature the time series describes

UC 2006 Tech Session25 Time Series Data Structure

UC 2006 Tech Session26 Time Series Dilemma Simplicity in structureSimplicity in structure –Easy to import and export time series data from other sources –Easy to use standard ArcGIS tabular functionality and SQL statements –Needs “transposition” for efficient rendering of spatial data –Large table with potentially millions/billions of records –Inefficient storage of specific types of temporal data (many to many case) –… Need more flexibility (but at a cost of complexity)Need more flexibility (but at a cost of complexity)

UC 2006 Tech Session27 Hydro Network Backbone of Arc Hydro - establishes connectivity between core feature classesBackbone of Arc Hydro - establishes connectivity between core feature classes Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest)Hydro edges (lines through which water flows) and junctions (confluences, other points of interest) Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed)Other feature classes connected to junctions through relationships (e.g. HydroJunctionHasWatershed) Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality)Allows upstream/downstream tracing (and other out of box ArcGIS network functionality)

UC 2006 Tech Session28 Hydro Network

UC 2006 Tech Session29 Extending Arc Hydro Data Model Arc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database designArc Hydro is by design a starting point for complex database design Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored)Arc Hydro data model can be extended with additional feature classes and/or attributes (or some Arc Hydro feature classes can be ignored) Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN)Use additional GIS data sources (GRID & TIN) Use all existing IDs and tools to minimize duplication of effortUse all existing IDs and tools to minimize duplication of effort

UC 2006 Tech Session30 Extending Arc Hydro Data Model More application specific “stuff”

UC 2006 Tech Session31 Arc Hydro Tools Key Concepts

UC 2006 Tech Session32 Arc Hydro Tools Faces

UC 2006 Tech Session33 Key Concepts Transitions between the raster and vector worlds – integrated operationsTransitions between the raster and vector worlds – integrated operations “Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement”“Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement” RasterNetworkVector Logical SchemaExtended Network

UC 2006 Tech Session34 A set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro modelA set of tools that “exercises” the Arc Hydro model –Integral with standard ArcGIS functionality Key field (property) management.Key field (property) management. –HydroID & related IDs –Length/Area measures Core functionsCore functions –DEM-based watershed delineation –Network generation –Attribute and network tracing and summary operations Arc Hydro Tools Overview (1)

UC 2006 Tech Session35 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (2) Distribution (version 1.1)Distribution (version 1.1) –A toolbar with packaged menus and buttons –Supporting documentation/help –ArcGIS 8.3 and ArcGIS 9/9.1 versions ApFrameworkApFramework –Simplify boring development tasks –Consistent development structure –Starting point for additional functionality development ApUtilitiesApUtilities –Set of utilities common to most ArcObject-based applications developed at ESRI Professional Services in water resources area

UC 2006 Tech Session36 The Arc Hydro ToolbarThe Arc Hydro Toolbar –Terrain Preprocessing –Terrain Morphology –Watershed Processing –Attribute Tools –Network Tools –ApUtilities –Buttons Arc Hydro Tools Overview (3)

UC 2006 Tech Session37 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (4) Terrain PreprocessingTerrain Preprocessing –Set of functions for processing of DEMs –Preprocessing of DEM-based data needed for watershed delineation and watershed characteristics extractions

UC 2006 Tech Session38 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (5) Terrain MorphologyTerrain Morphology –Set of functions for: Characterization of drainage areas (E-A-V)Characterization of drainage areas (E-A-V) Characterization of drainage boundaries (E-A-W)Characterization of drainage boundaries (E-A-W) Area connectivity (“spider web”)Area connectivity (“spider web”)

UC 2006 Tech Session39 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (6) Watershed ProcessingWatershed Processing –Set of tools for watershed delineation and characteristics extraction –Every menu has a Data Management form for setting up the layers to be used in operations associated with that menu (not required as each tool will request input and output data if necessary).

UC 2006 Tech Session40 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (7) Attribute ToolsAttribute Tools –Set of tools for attribute management (some of the tools require geometric network)

UC 2006 Tech Session41 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (8) Network ToolsNetwork Tools –Network specific tools

UC 2006 Tech Session42 Arc Hydro Tools Overview (9) ApUtilitiesApUtilities –Various utilities common to multiple applications

UC 2006 Tech Session43 ButtonsButtons –Flowpath tracing –Point delineation –Batch point generation –Assign related identifier –Global point delineation –Trace by NextDownID Arc Hydro Tools Overview (10)

UC 2006 Tech Session44 HydroID – Cornerstone of Arc Hydro Tools Together with relationships, key element in operation of tools !Together with relationships, key element in operation of tools !

UC 2006 Tech Session45 Walk-through Local delineationLocal delineation CharacterizationCharacterization Trace on the network using standard network tracing techniquesTrace on the network using standard network tracing techniques Trace using NextDownIDTrace using NextDownID AccumulateAccumulate SchematizationSchematization

UC 2006 Tech Session46 Many Aspects of Arc Hydro Saxe, John Godfrey, 1963, “The Blind Man and the elephant”, New York: Whittlesley House Database design Application “Standard” Tools Marketing Development environment Elephant illustration ©2002 Jason Hunt

UC 2006 Tech Session47 Where’s Arc Hydro? Hydro model page at: support.esri.com/datamodelsHydro model page at: support.esri.com/datamodels Arc Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Consortium at: Hydro home page at GIS Water Resources Consortium at: Dr.Maidment’s home page at: home page at:

UC 2006 Tech Session48 FTP Download Site ftp:ftp.esri.comftp:ftp.esri.comftp.esri.com username:RiverHydraulicsusername:RiverHydraulics password:river.1114password:river.1114 directory:ArcHydrodirectory:ArcHydro Case sensitiveCase sensitive Make sure you log in (most browsers will log you in as anonymous and you will not be able to download)Make sure you log in (most browsers will log you in as anonymous and you will not be able to download)