Infections and HIV/AIDS Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV/AIDS (Note: some pictures in this presentation are extremely graphic) Created By: Jessi Cooke and Jessica Ketterer

10.1.2 Analyze how behavior can impact health maintenance and disease prevention. 10.1.9 Explain complex health terms and concepts.   10.4.5 Research and analyze how public health policies and government regulations influence health promotion and disease prevention  

The Risks of STIs Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)- infectious diseases spread from person to person through sexual contact STDs: The Hidden Epidemic Epidemics are occurrences of diseases in which many people in the same place at the same time. Approximately 65 million people in the United States are living with an incurable STD; many cases are undiagnosed and untreated. Many people with STDs are asymptomatic, which means without symptoms.

Risks that can cause STDs: Being sexually active with more than one person- Even if you are only having sex with one person, you may still be unaware of your partners past behavior. Engaging in unprotected sex- Protection is not 100% effective in preventing the transmission of STDs Selecting high-risk partners- High-risk partners include people who’ve had sex with more than one person, and those who’ve injected illegal drugs Using alcohol and other drugs- Alcohol use can lower inhibitions; 25% of teens who have sex have been under the influence

The consequences of STDs: Some STDs are incurable Some STDs cause cancer Some STDs can cause complications that affect the ability to reproduce Some STDs can be passed from an infected female to her child before, during, or after birth Abstinence - abstinence- the deliberate decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs.

It is a bacterial disease. What is Chlamydia? It is a bacterial disease. In women- infection of cervix and urinary tube. In men- infection of rectum.

Symptoms and Transmission of Chlamydia Women may have mild discharge, abdominal pain, or pain during sexual intercourse. Men may have penile discharge and painful urination and swelling of the testicles. Transmission Vaginal and anal intercourse. Treatment Antibiotics for ten days

What is Gonorrhea? It is a bacterial infection of the cervix, urethra, rectum or throat.

Symptoms of Gonorrhea Men Pus filled yellowish discharge from the penis. Burning sensation when urinating. Women Vaginal discharge, irritation of the vulva, and pain or burning when urinating.

Transmission of Gonorrhea Gonorrhea can be spread through the bloodstream to other organs, including the brain, the heart, and the joints. It can be transmitted to a child through the birth process. Treatment- antibiotics

What is Syphilis? It is a bacterium that can infect any organ or tissue. Symptoms of Primary Stage- Sores known as chancre. Lymph nodes may be swollen.

Syphilis- Secondary Stage This stage includes a pale rash on the soles of the feet and hands, fever and sore throat. Weeping like blisters mostly on the genital area.

Tertiary (last stage of syphilis) This stage includes damage to the heart, the eyes, the brain and the nervous system. Blindness, paralysis, insanity, skin tumors, and death can occur.

Syphilis

Higher doses are needed for the tertiary stage. Treatment of Syphilis It is easy to cure. One shot of penicillin can stop the disease in the primary and secondary stages. Higher doses are needed for the tertiary stage.

What is Herpes? It is a virus. Symptoms Flu-like symptoms include muscle aches, swollen glands, and fever. Painful blisters or sores appear around the genitals.

Transmission of Herpes Direct contact with an active sore or virus containing genital secretion. Pregnant women can infect their babies through childbirth.

Treatment of Herpes No Cure A drug called acyclovir can help relieve some of the discomfort associated with the blisters.

HPV is considered to be the most common STD in the United States Human Papillomavirus – a virus that can cause genital warts or asymptomatic infection; also known as HPV HPV is considered to be the most common STD in the United States 50- 75% of sexually active males and females acquire HPV infection at some point in their lives

Genital warts are caused by the human papilloma virus. The condition is most frequent in younger people, ages 15-19. Symptoms Warts grow around the genital areas, anus, and urinary passageways. They cause itching, burning, tenderness, and bleeding in the infected areas.

Transmission Treatment Genital Warts Transmitted through sexual contact. Treatment Freezing off Burning off They may come back after treatment

HIV and AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)- a disease in which the immune system of the patient is weakened AIDS cases are declining among the population as a whole, but there has been no decline in the number of diagnosed HIV infections Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- a virus that attacks the immune system Body becomes susceptible to common infections and to opportunistic infections- infections that occur in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems

How HIV is transmitted The HIV organism lives inside the cells and body fluids Sexual intercourse HIV can enter a partner’s blood through tiny cuts in the body Sharing needles A person with HIV shares needles or syringes with other people Mother to baby HIV in the mothers blood can be transmitted through the umbilical cord and during delivery

Symptoms of HIV and AIDS Stages of HIV infections Symptoms may include fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands Symptoms disappear within a week to a month and are often mistaken as other viral infections After flu-like symptoms disappear, the person enters the asymptomatic stage- a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms Following the asymptomatic stage is the symptomatic stage- the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in immune cells During the latter stage of HIV infections, more serious symptoms appear until the infection meets the official definition of AIDS

If done properly this test is 100% accurate Detecting HIV Individuals who think they may have been exposed to HIV should seek testing form a health care professional immediately EIA Test EIA- a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood Western Blot Test Western blot- or WB, is the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States If done properly this test is 100% accurate

HIV/AIDS- A Continuing Problem: HIV is a fatal disease and has no cure At the end of 2002, an estimated 4 million people were infected with HIV/AIDS The statistic above means that HIV is now a pandemic- a global outbreak of infectious disease Abstinence and HIV/AIDS Avoid situations and events where drug use or the pressure to engage in sexual activity is likely to occur Practice refusal skills Choose relationships carefully

There is no known cure for HIV/AIDS at this time. Treatment There is no known cure for HIV/AIDS at this time.

STD Prevention STD prevention is directly related to personal behavior. People are primarily responsible for their own health. Abstinence and monogamous relationships greatly reduce the risk. Reduce your risk of exposure by educating yourself.

Bibliography www.mysexproblems.com/std.asp Glencoe Health book http://www.spunout.ie/uploads/images/condomkatje.jpg http://www.bidmc.harvard.edu/display.asp?leaf id=8268