Chapter 13 Section 3 A Global Conflict Objective: Summarize the spread of the conflict, the Allies’ push to victory, & the effects of the war Vocabulary: Unrestricted submarine warfare, Total War, Rationing, Propaganda, & Armistice

Setting the Stage World War I was much more than a European conflict Japan & Australia entered the war on the Allies side Ottoman Empire allied themselves with the Central Power The Great Powers looks for other allies around the world to tip the balance in their favor

War Affects the World The Allies came up with a strategy to attack the Dardanelles in the Ottoman Empire The Gallipoli Campaign sought to take over Constantinople & establish a supply line to Russia The Germans & Turks vigorously defended the region Gallipoli turned into another bloody stalemate & dug trenches The Allies gave up the campaign & began to evacuate

Battles in Africa & Asia Japanese overran German outposts in China English & French troops attacked Germany’s four African possessions, seizing control of 3 British & French recruited subjects in their colonies to fight in the struggle Gandhi supported India’s participation in World War I, hoping this would gain their independence

America Joins the Fight In January 1917, the Germans announced they would sink any ship around Britain without warning Unrestricted submarine warfare – use of submarines to sink without warning any ship found in enemy’s waters Germany had already tried the policy by sinking the passenger ship the Lusitania (killing 1198 including 128 US citizens) The Germans claimed it was carrying ammunition which was true Despite warning from President Wilson, the Germans sank 3 American ships

America Joins the Fight February 1917, Officials intercepted a telegram from Arthur Zimmermann The Zimmermann note stated that Germany would help Mexico “reconquer” lost land to the United States if they would ally itself with Germany America’s economic ties with the Allies were stronger than those with the Central Powers April 2, 1917 – President Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany, entering the war on the side of the Allies

War Affects the Home Front Europe had lost more men in battle than in all the wars of the previous 3 centuries The war had claimed the lives of millions & changed countless lives forever The Great War affected not only soldiers but civilians as well

Governments Wage Total War Total War – a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort Government took control of the economy, telling factories what to produce & how much Every able-bodied civilian was put to work Rationing – limiting amount of goods people can by, imposed by government during wartime Leaders believed that “real” reporting of the war would turn people against it Propaganda – material spread to advance a cause or damage an opponent’s cause

Women & the War Women began to replace men in factories, offices, & shops Women built tanks, paved streets, & ran hospitals Although they only worked during the war, it changed the mindset of what women were capable of

The Allies Win the War In March 1917, civil unrest in Russia, forced Czar Nicholas to step down War-weary Russia refused to fight any longer after 5.5 million were either wounded, killed, or taken prisoner In November 1917, Lenin sized power implementing a communist government Germany & Russia signed the Treaty of Brest- Litovsk, ending the war between them

The Central Powers Collapse In March 1918, Germany launched an all over final attack on the Western Front Victory was within reach for Germany 140,000 fresh U.S. troops launched a counterattack to save Paris With the arrival of 2 million American troops, the Allied forces began to advance toward Germany November 9, 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down & Germany became a republic Armistice – agreement to stop fighting November 11, 1918, World War I came to an end

The Legacy of the War 8.5 million soldiers died as a result of the War It also led to the death of countless civilians The Great War devastated the economies of European countries The total cost was closer to 338 billion It also left a deep mark on Western society