Chapter 8: Section 1 The Drive for Reform Today’s Objectives Identify the causes of Progressivism and compare it to Populism. Analyze the role that journalists played in the Progressive Movement. Evaluate some of the social reforms that Progressives tackled. Explain what Progressives hoped to achieve through political reform.

Origins of Progressivism The people of the Progressive Movement came from many walks of life. Came from all political parties, social classes, ethnic groups, religions, etc Shared a common belief that industrialization and urbanization created numerous problems Similar to Populists=wanted to rid government of corruption, eliminate abuses of big business Differed from Populists=populists consisted mostly of farmers and workers. Progressives consisted of the middle-class Progressives provided solutions to America’s problems: Government=targeted corrupt city officials and political machines Social welfare=paved streets, clean drinking water, decent housing Work conditions=child labor laws, harsh work conditions, reduce gap between poor and rich Business=“bust the trusts”

Muckrakers Reveal the Need for Reform Muckrakers=journalists/writers who uncovered problems and scandals within American society Lincoln Steffens=managing editor of McClure’s (magazine) Published Shame of the Cities Exposed political corruption Jacob Riis=photographer for the New York Evening Sun Used photos to portray urban slum life Published How the Other Half Lives

Progressives Reform Society Social Gospel=people could make society “the kingdom of God” Originated from Walter Rauschenbusch Progressives wanted to reform society in many ways: Education John Dewey criticized American schools Florence Kelley lobbied to create the U.S. Children’s Bureau=examines health and welfare of children Social services Settlement houses Jane Addams becomes a leading figure in the settlement house movement Work conditions Compensation laws Limited workday to 10 hours Lochner v. New York will overturn work hour changes

City Governments Change Reforming Government City Governments Change Galveston Plan Commission form of local government Prevented corruption of political machines Election Reforms Traditionally, party leaders selected candidates for local/state positions Establishment of a direct primary allowed citizens to vote for candidates Progressives gain power over elected officials (3 ways) Initiative Referendum Recall Seventeenth Amendment is passed in 1913\ Direct election of senators

Section 1 Checkpoint Questions What problems did Progressive reformers hope to solve? What role did journalists and other writers play in the Progressive Movement? How did Progressives work to help the urban poor? How did Progressive reformers change local and state governments?