Beth Herrmann March 25, 2015

Legal Policy Ethics Effectiveness

Supreme Court Rulings Tinker v. Des Moines School District Vernonia School District v. Acton Board of Education v. Earls Lower Court Rulings Gardner v. Tulia Independent School District Joy v. Penn-Harris-Madison School Corporation Linke v. Northwestern School Corporation Tannahill v. Lockney Independent School District Todd v. Rush County Schools Trinidad School District No. 1 v. Lopez Willis v. Anderson Community School Corp.

Athletic and Extra-curricular participants Can be Drug Tested Co-Curricular activity participants cannot be tested School should be able to demonstrate a drug problem Scope of Suspicionless testing programs should be limited Students having discipline problems cannot be tested unless there is reasonable suspicion of substance abuse

EQUAL RESPECT OF PERSONS BENEFIT MAXIMIZATION

2013 NIDA-funded study found associations between random and for cause drug testing and use of drugs. Another study found that school climate was associated with lower drug use and that drug testing did not improve drug use outcomes. A 2012 study found that students subject to mandatory random drug tests reported less substance abuse than students in schools without testing Another 2012 study found drug testing was an effective deterrent against drug use in females students in schools with positive climates An NIDA funded study in 2012 showed little empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of random student drug testing An NIDA funded study in 2007 found that student athletes who participated in random drug testing had overall rates of drug use similar to students who did were not subject to testing.

Average drug test costs between $15 and $ percent of schools had drug testing policies in 2008 testing athletes and students in extracurricular activities. ¼ tested all students.

Facts & Statistics on Random Drug Testing of High School Students. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from Find Laws, Legal Information, and Attorneys - FindLaw. (n.d.). Retrieved March 10, 2015, from McIlmoyle, W. (2002, January 1). Random Drug Tests for High School Athletes. Retrieved March 11, 2015, from National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2015, from Student Drug Testing: Relevant Case Law. (2002, October 21). Retrieved March 11, 2015, from