Classification S7L1a: Students will be able to compare organisms by similar and dissimilar characteristics. S7L1b: Students will be able to classify organisms.

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Presentation transcript:

Classification S7L1a: Students will be able to compare organisms by similar and dissimilar characteristics. S7L1b: Students will be able to classify organisms into the six kingdoms based upon these characteristics.

Characteristics of Living Things All have cells All have chemicals needed for life All respond to stimuli All use energy All grow and develop All reproduce

Cell Theory All organisms are made of one or more cells The cell is the basic unit of all living things All cells come from other cells

Tools Scientists Use to Classify Organisms Branching Diagrams Dichotomous Key Eight-Level System Binomial Nomenclature

Branching Diagrams – show the evolutionary relationships amongst organisms.

Dichotomous Key – a tool used to identify organisms and consists of the answers to a series of questions. The questions are asked in pairs, and the answers are in yes or no format.

Eight-Level System – organisms are placed in categories from least similar to most similar based upon shared characteristics Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Binomial Nomenclature – a two-part scientific name Scientific Name = Genus + species Genus name is capitalized or can be abbreviated Species name is lower case Example: Homo + sapiens Homo = Genus sapiens = species Scientific name is Homo sapiens, which means “knowing man”

Three Domains and Six Kingdoms Bacteria Eubacteria Eukarya Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Archaea Archaebacteria

Classification into Domains and Kingdoms Organisms are classified into Domains and Kingdoms based upon the following three characteristics: Cell type How they get their food Number of cells inside their body

Two Cell Types Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Single-celled organisms (unicellular) They do not have a true nucleus Do not have membrane-bound organelles Ex: Archaea and Bacteria Eukaryotes Multiple-celled organisms (multicellular) Have a nucleus Have membrane-bound organelles Ex: Humans, Protists, Plants, and Yeasts

Domain Archaea Kingdom – Archaebacteria Characteristics: Prokaryotes –single-celled organisms Do not have a nucleus Live in extreme environments

Domain Bacteria Kingdom – Eubacteria Characteristics: Prokaryotes –single-celled organisms Do not have a nucleus Live in the soil, water, on and inside the human body Some cause disease, while others help fight disease-causing bacteria

Domain Eukarya Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia Characteristics: Have a nucleus Membrane bound organelles Protozoans Fungi Plantea Animalia