Ch. 15: The Spirit of Reform

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Presentation transcript:

Ch. 15: The Spirit of Reform

Lesson 1: Social Reform P. 410

Religion & Reform Second Great Awakening: late 1700s thru mid-1800s Renewed religious interest, marked by revivals Brings changes to American religion, education, literature People try to form utopias

The Impact of Religion Lyman Beecher: CT minister who led temperance movement ME & some other states outlaw manufacture & sale of alcohol

Changing Education Horace Mann: MA lawyer & leader of education reform 1839: MA founds the nation’s 1st state- supported normal school New colleges & universities open Ex: Oberlin College of Ohio (1833) Admitted both women & African Americans

Helping People with Disabilities Thomas Gallaudet: developed a method to teach those w/ hearing impairments Opened Hartford School for the Deaf in CT (1817) Samuel Gridley Howe: helped ppl w/ vision impairments Printed books using Braille Headed the Perkins Institute (school for visually impaired in Boston)

Helping People with Disabilities (cont.) Dorothea Dix: schoolteacher who began visiting prisons in 1841 Educated public about the poor conditions for prisoners & the mentally ill

Culture Changes Transcendentalism: Stressed the relationship b/t humans & nature & the importance of the individual conscience Margaret Fuller: Women’s rights Ralph Waldo Emerson: Overcome prejudice Henry David Thoreau: Civil disobedience

Culture Changes (cont.) Other writers: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson Art: Hudson River School Print-making (Nathaniel Currier, James Merritt Ives)

Lesson 2: The Abolitionists

The Colonization Plan 1816: American Colonization Society formed Raised $ to send free African Americans out of the country Acquired land in west Africa for a colony 1822: 1st settlers arrive in Liberia 1847: Liberia becomes independent country

Making the Case Against Slavery William Lloyd Garrison: MA abolitionist 1831: started The Liberator newspaper Called for an immediate end to slavery 1832: started the New England Anti- Slavery Society 1833: started the American Anti-Slavery Society

Making the Case Against Slavery (cont.) Sarah & Angelina Grimke: supported abolition & women’s rights 1839: write American Slavery As It Is (firsthand stories of life under slavery) Harriet Beecher Stowe 1852: publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin

African American Abolitionists Helped organize & lead the American Anti- Slavery Society, subscribed to The Liberator 1827: Freedom’s Journal begun David Walker: publishes antislavery pamphlet 1830: African Americans lead convention in Philly Start African American college? Encourage free African Americans to move to Canada?

The Role of Frederick Douglass Ex-slave (escaped in 1838, bought his freedom in 1847) Joined Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society Gave antislavery speeches in U.S. & abroad Edited the antislavery newspapers North Star

Sojourner Truth Born a slave as Isabella Baumfree in NY Escaped in 1826; NY bans slavery in 1827 Changes name in 1843 Works w/ William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, etc.

The Underground Railroad Network of escape routes Most famous “conductor”: Harriet Tubman As many as 100,000 slaves escape

Quiz Topics Second Great Awakening Temperance movement Thomas Gallaudet Transcendentalism Dorothea Dix Civil disobedience American Colonization Society Frederick Douglass Underground Railroad

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