GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA NATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR KHARIF CAMPAIGN 2015 GROUP - II PROMOTION OF PULSES THROUGH INTER-CROPPING IN KHARIF SEASON (7th – 8th APRIL 2015) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, TELANGANA

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELANGANA, HYDERABAD TELANGANA STATE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TELANGANA, HYDERABAD

TELANGANA - PROFILE S NO CATEGORY Unit AREA (Lakh Ha) 1 TOTAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA Lakh Ha 114.84 2 GROSS CROPPED AREA 56.90 3 NET CROPPED AREA 46.54 4 GROSS IRRIGATED AREA 25.57 5 NET IRRIGATED AREA 17.74 6 NUMBER OF FARM HOLDINGS Lakh Nos. 55.54   MARGINAL 34.41 B) SMALL 13.27 C) OTHERS 7.86 7 TOTAL AREA OPERATIONS 61.96 15.67 18.69 27.60 8 AVERAGE ANNUAL RAINFALL mm 906.5 9 CROPPING INTENSITY % 1.24 10 IRRIGATION INTENSITY 1.44

Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana Sl. No. Name of the Zone Districts Head quarters Geographical area (lakh ha) No. of mandals Soil Type Normal Rainfall (in m.m)/ Important crops grown 1 Northern Telangana Zone Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad Jagtial 35.5 144 Red earths with loamy soils (Chalkas) and black cotton soils 900-1150 Rice, maize, soybean, cotton, redgram turmeric 2 Central Telangana Zone Warangal, Khammam, Medak Warangal 30.6 132 Red earths with loamy soils(Chalkas), Red sandy soils and BC soils in pockets 800-1150 Cotton, Rice, Maize, greengram,Mango, Chillies 3 Southern Telangana Zone Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy (+ Hyderabad) Palem 39.3 164 Red soils, Chalkas 500-670 Cotton, Rice, redgram, maize, greengram

KHARIF PROSPECTS 2015 COMPARED TO KHARIF 2014 Crop Area in lakh ha, Productivity in kgs/ha & Production in LMTs Sl. No. Crop AREA PRODUCTIVITY PRODUCTION Normal Actual 2014 Target 2015 Target 2015 1 Paddy (Planted) 10.04 9.20 19.99 3170 3054 3402 52.44 28.10 67.99 2 Jowar 0.89 0.44 1.84 984 1119 1127 1.47 0.49 2.07 3 Bajra 0.055 0.02 0.15 861 915 1000 0.12 4 Ragi 0.01 0.03 1316 961 1500 0.05 5 Maize 4.66 5.22 7.30 3821 2720 4659 23.59 14.20 34.00 6 Redgram 2.90 2.23 3.08 439 441 590 1.29 0.98 1.82 Greengram 1.53 0.70 2.00 499 489 651 0.83 0.14 1.25 8 Blackgram 0.50 0.20 0.78 610 697 840 0.39 0.34 0.66   Total Pulses 4.93 3.16 7.09 4.13 1.48 5.72 Total Foodgrains 20.60 18.05 36.49 81.95 44.30 110.10 9 Groundnut 0.26 1700 1833 3.33 4.10 10 Sunflower 0.04 0.51 977 648 970 0.31 11 Soybean 1.61 2.46 2.55 1515 1070 1640 2.45 2.63 4.18 12 Castor 0.93 491 503 496 0.46 0.25 0.41 Total oilseeds 2.93 3.14 6.46 1357 1455 7.11 3.10 9.40 13 Cotton (*) 15.34 17.20 17.25 355 1051 429 31.97 106.34 43.50 14 Chillies 0.58 0.55 3282 3103 3887 2.17 1.71 3.01 15 Sugarcane 0.38 0.42 84158 77000 85793 32.03 29.26 35.88 16 Turmeric 0.43 5725 5197 6970 2.88 3.41 17 Onion 0.06 0.19 24370 16216 26385 3.53 0.97 5.11 Total cropped area 40.38 39.81 62.18 ( * ) Cotton production in lakh bales of 170 kgs. of lint. Kharif 2014 AYP figures are as per 2nd AE (DES) 5

ANNUAL RAINFALL (June2014 TO March 2015) Normal : 906.5 mm Season Normal as on date : 860.4 mm Received : 591.5mm Deviation : -31 % Deficit

AREA ,PRODUCTIVITY AND PRODUCTION OF PULSES IN TELANGANA STATE Sl. Crop Year Area Yield Kgs/ha) Production (LMTs) No. (Lakh ha) Total Pulses 2006-07 6.85 537 3.68 (Base Year) 2007-08 5.61 704 5.14 2008-09 6.62 699 4.63 2009-10 7.14 471 3.36 2010-11 7.55 624 4.71 2011-12 6.18 480 2.97 2012-13 6.11 804 4.91 2013-14 5.63 837   2014-15 4.02   2.49

RED GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production (000 tons) 2009-10 294 378 111 2010-11 341 446 152 2011-12 298.64 304 90.71 2012-13 275.7 554 152.8 2013-14 262 531 139 2014-15 238.1 441 105 Normal 284.9 442 125

GREEN GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production (000 tons) 2009-10 201 129 26 2010-11 210 533 112 2011-12 147.84 552 81.58 2012-13 149.65 735 109.97 2013-14 127 693 88 2014-15 81 489 39 Normal 153 521 76

BLACK GRAM Year Area (000 ha) Yield (kgs / ha) Production ( QTLS) 2009-10 71 183 130 2010-11 76 632 480 2011-12 69.93 597 417.5 2012-13 56.35 913 514.6 2013-14 45 867 390 2014-15 47 697 330 Normal 61 648

Constraints of Pulse Production inTelangana Grown under diverse situations - 1. Grown under diverse situations Rain fed, ID crops, Under residual moisture 2. Grown under diverse soil condition ;Black soils,Red soils,Chalka soils,Sandy loams 3. Pests & Diseases-wilt, SMD, Maruca, Dry root rot , collar rot, helicoverpa, YMV 4. Abiotic-terminal moisture stress 5. Dependent upon other crops in the crop rotation/cropping systems 6. Grown under poor management with less inputs 7. Short duration blackgram / greengram are prone to vagaries of monsoon. 8. Requirement of location specific high yielding varieties and production technologies. 9 . Competition from dominant commercial crops in terms of returns – cotton, chillies and maize. .

SCOPE FOR INCREASING AREA Pulse based cropping system equally remunerative to sole cropping commercial crops-Maize-bengalgram Inter cropping –cotton, maize, beans, jowar, orchards, social forests Crop rotation with pulses in traditional commercial crop growing areas Expansion of area through demonstration of prepaddy/ chilli/ maghi jowar

SCOPE Expansion of area under rice fallow systems specially in parts of warangal and khammam districts Encouraging pre rabi/summer pulses with limited irrigation facilities –Specially Bt cotton Pigeon pea on slopes / hills /bunds Cultivation under “Zero tillage” Encouraging rabi pigeonpea

INTERCROPPING Growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land utilising the space between rows of main crop. There is a crop intensification in both space and time. There is a intercrop competition during all or part of the growth. The intercropping is usually is grown with cereals and legumes .

Advantages of Intercropping Higher income per unit Area Serve as an insurance against failure of crop among abnormal years Maintain soil fertility and Nutrient uptake. Reduce soil run off. Availability of fodder to the animals Better scope for INM and IPM Continuous work for the farmer throughout the season

Limitation: Intercropping system is uneconomical and undesirable during Rabi season. Therefore, there is lot of scope for intercropping of pulses with cereals and other crops during Kharif season.

Popularization of inter cropping Jowar /Maize/Bajra + Red gram Cotton + green gram/black gram/Red gram Castor+ cowpea/Red gram Soya bean + Red gram Groundnut + Red gram Introduction of redgram on paddy bunds during Kharif. Introduction of relay cropping of blackgram in paddy In pigeonpea, for intercropping, varieties like PRG-100, PRG-158, PRG-176, WRGE-96, WRGE-97 (under pipe line) with 140-160 days duration are desirable desirale. In green gram varieties such as WGG-37, MGG-295 maturing in 65-70 days and WGG-42 (ready for lease) having YMV resistance, matures in 60 days are best suited for intercropping in cotton.

Introduction of intercropping of Pulses in Non-traditional areas Strategies to be followed for promotion of intercropping of pulses Introduction of intercropping of Pulses in Non-traditional areas Growing of pulses in paddy fallows after harvest of paddy crop. Greengram as catch crop preceding rice in NSP command and tankfed areas. Creating Awareness among the farming communities about the advantage of intercropping , risk management and soil fertility management. Organisation of training programme under intercropping of pulses in Traditional sole crop areas. Organisation of block demonstrations with different crop of pulses to get suitable combination of Intercropping for different regions. Involving the Print and Electronic media for creating awareness about intercropping among farming community. Provision of subsidy on inputs for encouraging intercropping.

Critical Interventions to increase Pulse Productivity and Production Seed Replacement Ratio(SRR):33% of the cropped area Varietal Replacement Ratio(VRR): Replacement of old varieties 15 to 20% per year with recently released varieties of less than 10 years Seed Rolling Plan for 12th Plan has been worked out and required quantities of breeder seed of rice and pulses varieties are indented to ANGRAU(State Agriculture University)

Popularization of short duration varieties in water scarcity and flood prone areas. Popularization of Yellow Mosaic virus resistant varieties in green gram and black gram and wilt resistant varieties in bengal gram Sowing through Multicrop planter for optimum population . Popularization of pre emergence weedicides for effective control of weeds. Effective use of water through sprinkler sets , mobile rain guns, pumpsets, and water carrying pipes in low water availability areas. Capacity building : On farm training through FFS

Increase of Area in Pulses Potential Districts Pigeonpea Mabhbubnagar, Adilabad, Ranga Reddy, Medak, Nalgonda, Warangal, Karimnagar and Khammam Green gram Nalgonda, Medak,Warangal, Mahbubnagar, Karimnagar and Khammam Black gram Medak and Nizamabad Soybean Adilabad and Nizamabad

Enhancement of Productivity Through INM Balanced use of NPK based on soil fertility status (soil test base) Popularization of Phosphorus Soluble Bacteria Rectification of Micronutrient deficiency through application of Znso4,Boron, iron and gypsum

Enhancement of Productivity Through IPM Seed treatment fungicides and Bio agents Popularization of Rhizobium culture application Pest monitoring and control through pheromone traps, Trichogramma cards for stem borer management Training on identification of Pest/Disease and their natural enemies, ETL for effective management of pests through appropriate chemical and dosage.

Productivity and production enhancement in Pulses through . 1.Cropping system approach. 2.Replacement of Varieties. 3.Weed management 4.Nutrition Management. 5.Pest and Disease Management 6.Farm Mechanization 7.Post harvest.

1.Cropping system approach Exploiting the possibility of growing two crops under rainfed conditions during kharif. Greengram/Blackgram followed by Groundnut/Maize/Chillies. Maize/Groundnut followed by Greengram/Blackgram/Bengal gram Intercrop of Red gram with Groundnut (1:7),Greengram/Blackgram(1:7),Maize/Jowar/bajra(1:2) Note: During Kharif, Cotton area is converted to Pulse followed by Groundnut/Maize, Chillies/Vegetables depending upon the availability of the water. Most of the farmers preferring intercrop of Red gram instead of sole crop where no water source is available.

Intercrop of Red gram with Soyabean in MEDAK dist , Telangana Intercrop of Maize with Redgram, Warangal, Telangana Cotton + Greengram Greengram + Cotton

Green gram+ cotton Redgram + Cotton Green gram+ Redgram Redgram + Groundnut

REDGRAM ON RICE BUNDS UNDER LOCAL INITIATIVES

2.Replacement of Varieties Replacement of existing varieties with recently released(less than 10 years) high yielding varieties. (Blackgram- PU-31,LBG-752 Greengram TMB-37,LGG-460,Red gram LRG-41,Bengalgram JAKI 9218)  Selection of Greengram and Blackgram based on the soil type and ecological conditions with appropriate variety(Greengram in light soils and Blackgram in medium to heavy soils). Varieties with smooth pods are preferred during kharif to minimize the absorption of water and insitu germination.(LGG-460,LBG-752,LGG-685) Varieties with Synchronization of flowering and erect type are preferred to facilitate mechanical harvesting.(LGG-460,LBG-752) Varieties resistant to Yellow Mosaic Virus/Powdery Mildew in Greengram and Blackgram(MGG-347,PU-31:) Varieties resistant to Wilt in Red gram varieties of Red gram with a duration of 140-160 days to avoid terminal moisture stress.(PRG-158. ICP-8863, Durga) and p-re release cultures-PRG-176, WRGE-96, WGRE-97 will be demonstrated and promoted

3.Weed management Main reason for low productivity in Pulses both in kharif and rabi rice fallow is due to excessive Weed growth. Due to shortage of agriculture labour and the increased wages, the hand weeding and hoeing is not possible at appropriate stage of crop growth. Encouragement of Weed management through weedicides (Pre emergence and Post emergence)

4.Nutrition Management Recommendation of balanced major nutrition(NPK) based on soil testing. Rectification of Zn deficiency through Basal application and /or through foliar spray of Zinc sulphate Reclamation of problematic soils through Gypsum/Lime

5.Pest and Disease management Seed treatment with bio agents like Trichoderma Viridae Creating awareness about different pests and diseases and their management through training and field exposure. Creating awareness of proper dosage and timely application of appropriate pesticide. Encouraging to select disease/pest resistant varieties. Community based plant protection measures in cluster demonstrations.

THANK YOU

Agro-Climatic Zones of Telangana Sl. No. Name of the Zone Districts Head quarters Geographical area (lakh ha) No. of mandals Soil Type Normal Rainfall (in m.m)/ Important crops grown 1 Northern Telangana Zone Karimnagar, Nizamabad, Adilabad Jagtial 35.5 144 Red earths with loamy soils (Chalkas) and black cotton soils 900-1150 Rice, maize, soybean, cotton, redgram turmeric 2 Central Telangana Zone Warangal, Khammam, Medak Warangal 30.6 132 Red earths with loamy soils(Chalkas), Red sandy soils and BC soils in pockets 800-1150 Cotton, Rice, Maize, greengram,Mango, Chillies 3 Southern Telangana Zone Mahbubnagar, Nalgonda, Rangareddy (+ Hyderabad) Palem 39.3 164 Red soils, Chalkas 500-670 Cotton, Rice, redgram, maize, greengram