AGR 4501 PASTURE MANAGEMENT

AGR 4501 Pasture Management OBJECTIVES At the end of the session you will be able to: Understand the importance of pastures in ruminant production Identify the common sown pasture grasses and legumes in Malaysia Identify common native grass species Establish and manage pastures for long term production AGR 4501 Pasture Management

STATUS OF RUMINANT IN LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY OF MALAYSIA Most backward compared to poultry and pigs Low self sufficiency levels 25% for beef, 9% for mutton, 5% for dairy Dominated by small farmers Lack of feed resources AGR 4501 Pasture Management

PROSPECTS FOR RUMINANT INDUSTRY High income – higher consumption of animal products (beef: 1990 – 3.5 kg; 2000 – 5.3 kg) Vast areas of plantations (6 m ha) that can be integrated with ruminant production Strong government support to reduce food importation AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Livestock statistics livestock statistics AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Self sufficiency AGR 4501 Pasture Management

PASTURE DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA Prior 1970’s animals grazed on native grasses except for Napier and Guinea 1972 – MARDI started work in introducing new pasture grasses and legumes 1972-73 – large farms established by MAJUTERNAK on model of temperate farms 1985 open pastures found to be high cost and low returns 1985-2000 – campaign to encourage plantation-livestock integration AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management TYPES OF GRASSLANDS Natural grasslands (24% of world’s vegetation) Induced grasslands (result of man’s disturbance) Sown grasslands Grasslands associated with plantations AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Natural grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Steppes Prairies Veld Savanna Pampas AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Australian Savanna Grassland AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Australian Savanna Grassland AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Herding Hereford cattle in Australian extensive farm AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management New Zealand Alpine Grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management MONGOLIAN- Manchurian Grasslands - Steppes AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Sown grasslands AGR 4501 Pasture Management

New Zealand Dairy Pasture AGR 4501 Pasture Management

New Zealand dairy calves AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management New Zealand Farm boy AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Traditional low-input systems AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Malaysian goats scavenging garbage AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Free grazing AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Malaysian KK cattle – roadside grazers AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Malaysian KK cattle on induced pastures AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Supplementing Induced pastures with fodder grasses AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Improved pastures in Malaysia AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Majuternak Dairy Farm, Padang Hijau, Kluang, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Darabif Cattle Farm, Pahang Tenggara, 1978 AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Darabif Farm pasture, on jungle fringes forest Forest regeneration AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management ALFALFA (LUCERNE) AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management ALFALFA AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Integration of livestock with crops AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Immature rubber with grass and legume undergrowth legumes AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Sheep grazing under mature rubber Ferns largely uneaten AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Sown MARDI Digit grass beside oil palm estate (Guthrie) AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Sheep integrated with oil-palm plantation AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Cattle under coconut plantation - Philippines AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Cattle under coconuts - Philippines AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Young rubber with leguminous cover crops AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Mature canopy shades out light for grasses AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Sown grasses (Brachiaria humidicola) in interrows of traditionally planted rubber AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Double hedge-row planting system of rubber delays shading of pasture AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Using crop by products AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Cattle grazing on rice stubble and stover after harvest - Thailand AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Friesian cattle feeding on collected rice straw AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Brewer’s grain, byproduct of beer manufacture, being used for animal feed AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Poultry manure being used to increase protein in feedlot AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Feedlot cattle on crop byproducts AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Oil-palm frond (OPF) being chopped for easy feeding AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Cattle feeding on freshly chopped OPF AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Chopping corn stover for feed AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Chopping OPF for making OPF dry pellets AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Mechanized collection and chopping of OPF AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management OPF drying facility, MARDI AGR 4501 Pasture Management

Loading of baled padi straw AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management Straw left after harvest AGR 4501 Pasture Management stubble

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management

AGR 4501 Pasture Management End AGR 4501 Pasture Management