Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America Cold War Origins Union of Soviet Socialist Republics United States of America CA Standard 11.9.2 &11.9.3

What is the cold war? A war of ideas A struggle between the USA & USSR for dominance in world affairs

Yalta What happened at Yalta? Conference during WWII where FDR, Churchill, and Stalin were meeting to plan what would happen to Germany and Poland. Outcome: Germany after they surrendered would be: Split into 4 parts American/British/French/Soviet West Germany/East Germany

United Nations: We still have it today! What International Peace keeping organization was instituted after WWII? United Nations 50 Countries joined. (Including US) What were members of the UN supposed to do? Try to resolve problems peacefully. Promote Justice and cooperation to solve international problems. Act as a team to stop any wars that did break out.

What’s the Problem with the Ruskies? In the Soviets mind Capitalism and Communism could NOT co-exist, eventually one would have to take over completely. They wanted Communism. We did not.

Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d Even Before WWII: The U.S. did NOT get along w/ Soviet Union. IN FACT: During 1917 Russian Revolution (when the Bolsheviks were trying to overthrow Tzar Nicholas Romanov II, and establish a communist government.) *** President Wilson sent troops to fight against the Bolsheviks or (Commies) from taking over.***

Problems w/ Ruskies Cont’d At the start of WWII Russia had signed the Non-Aggression w/ Nazi Germany. Stalin only joined the Allies when he was double crossed. Therefore, he could not be trusted! During WWII (YALTA) Stalin disagreed with the U.S. and British over battle plans and post war plans.

AFTER WWII: From Soviet Perspective What are the four reasons the USSR had for starting the Cold War with the USA? 1. USA had not suffered as much as Russia at home during the war. 2. Before the War the US had been in the Great Depression, At the end of WWII the US had become the richest country in the world. 3. USA was the only one w/ Atomic bomb. 4. We were too nice to Germany and Japan after the surrender

What does all that mean? All of these factors added up to the USA being too powerful & therefore could NOT be trusted. Soviets felt they needed to protect themselves. What was the Soviet Union’s plan to protect themselves against capitalism and USA? Force countries surrounding Russia have a communist govt. under Soviet control, so that everyone would be loyal to Russia and be against USA + Capitalism.

AFTER WWII: From the American Perspective The Soviets were too pushy, uncooperative, and uncomfortably interested in spreading its power by creating communists governments in as many other countries as possible!

BUT WHAT HAPPENED TO GERMANY? What did the Western Allies want to do with Germany after WWII? They wanted to rebuild Germany to stand strong, but controlled at the center of Europe. Stalin didn’t trust Germans to do as they were told, and he was determined to never let Germany threaten his country again!

Germany was partitioned by the Allies after the war

Austria would also be divided

The city of Berlin was also partitioned

There was the American sector

the French sector

the British sector

and the Soviet sector

The divisions of Germany and the city of Berlin

East and West Germany and East and West Berlin

UP GOES THE WALL Germany divided into 2 parts #7 Why was the Berlin Wall built? Later in 1961 the Berlin Wall was built to stop Germans in East Berlin from Escaping into the Allied controlled West Germany and Ultimately other Western Countries. (USA, Britain, France) WEST Germany-controlled by Allies EAST Germany-controlled by Russia. Stalin established a Brutal totalitarian govt.

In the End Americans and Soviets had Different Goals for the World After WWII What was Soviet Union’s GOAL after WWII? The country was devastated by 17 million people killed in WWII and was looking to: (1) Rebuild their country damaged during the war (2) Protect its wellbeing by establishing Satellite Nations creating a buffer zone against attacks. (3) Stalin wanted to spread communism and over throw capitalism Because: If more countries are communist no one will trade with US = USA become Poor and LOSES Power What was American’s GOAL after WWII? (1) We wanted to give Democracy to the once conquered, now “liberated” European nations. BECAUSE: Democratic Govt.=Capitalist Economy More Capitalist Countries means Better Trade Opportunity 4 USA! This Means USA will make more $$$$! More $$$= More POWER!

The RED SPREAD: IRON CURTAIN Stalin acted quickly to take control of all the Eastern European countries his army had “liberated” from the Nazis and convert them to communism: Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania East Germany

The Soviet Union prior to World War II

As the Soviets pushed back the Nazis, they claimed new territory.

They took part of Finland

They took Estonia

They took Latvia

They took Lithuania

They took part of Poland for White Russia

They took part of Romania for the Ukraine

They took part of Czechoslovakia for White Russia

They took a part of Germany

The U.S.S.R. expanded their territory and the number of republics

Poland would fall under Soviet influence

Poland would also gain parts of Germany

Czechoslovakia was last in Eastern Europe to fall under Soviet dominance

Hungary would also fall under Soviet control

Romania would follow Soviet direction

Bulgaria would also come into the Soviet sphere

East Germany would be a satellite state as well

Eastern Europe After WWII Soviet Union Poland East Germany Iron Curtain Czechoslovakia Hungary Romania Bulgaria

What are the Americans going to do? PLAN A CONTAINMENT: The USA thought: Eastern Europe was already lost to Communism. The only thing to do now was to STOP other countries from choosing communist governments.

#11 What 3 things is the Truman Doctrine supposed to do? Stop the Soviets from converting any more countries to communism. Help Re-build European Countries to give them Strong Economies (Marshall Plan) USA should step up to the plate and BE a World Leader.

Marshall Plan 1. Have European Countries come up with a plan to rebuild their economies. 2. The USA would give these countries the money if these European nations would have capitalist or (Free Market Systems) What was the Goal behind the Marshall Plan? -Rebuild war torn European countries and help their economies become strong under capitalist trade with the USA -Everyone is happy, making $ instead of bitter and planning WWIII.

How do we MAKE other countries: NOT WANT TO BE COMMUNISTS? The Truman DOCTRINE The Marshall Plan: $13 Billion Dollars of U.S. aid to 16 Western European countries to help them recover and rebuild after the war. The Point Four Program: Jr. Marshall Plan, proposed by Truman in 1949 it provided $400 million dollars to underdeveloped countries in Asia, Latin America, & Africa to develop industries, communications, and technology. NATO: In 1949 the U.S. and 11 other countries formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It was an military alliance that agreed to come to the aid of any member nation that was attacked & to develop an International Security Force that would discourage aggression by non-NATO countries.

Things Get Serious in 1949! FIRST: Sept. 1949 USSR developed their own Atomic Bomb. In Response, the USA built an improved version, the Hydrogen Bomb/ or first Thermonuclear weapon successfully tested in 1952. Why did the US govt. decide to build a hydrogen bomb? Americans were uncomfortable with someone having the power to make them the next Nagasaki.

Things could get messy with all these bombs! What was the purpose the of Federal Civil Defense Administration This agency flooded the nation with posters and information about what to do to survive nuclear attack. These plans included plans for building bomb shelters and instructions for holding air raids in schools. Privately, the experts knew that the information was ridiculous and totally ineffective.