US Presidents 1-44

George Washington Served: 1789 – 1797 Vice President : John Adams First Lady: Martha Washington Party Affiliation: None

Commander of Continental Army President of Constitutional Convention Unanimously elected twice Portrait on $1.00 Bill Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore

John Adams Served: 1797 – 1801 Vice President: Thomas Jefferson First Lady: Abigail Smith Party Affiliation: Federalist

Successfully defended British Soldiers accused of murder in Boston Massacre Signed Declaration of Independence Negotiated Treaty of Paris in 1783 ending the American Revolution First President to occupy White House Father of the 6 th President

Thomas Jefferson Served: VIce President: Aaron Burr, George Clinton First Lady: Widowed in Party Affiliation: Democratic- Republican

Author of the Declaration of Independence. Virginia Governor (1779 – 1781) Financed Lewis and Clark Expedition Portrait on $2.00 bill and Nickel Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore

James Madison Served: Vice President: George Clinton, Elbridge Gerry First Lady: Dorothea Todd Party Affiliation: Democratic- Republican

“Father of the Constitution: Played a large role in drafting Bill of Rights President during War of 1812

James Monroe Served: Vice President: Daniel Tompkins First Lady: Elizabeth Kortright Party Affiliation: Democratic- Republican

Captured Florida from Spain Signed Missouri Compromise, temporarily setting slavery issue Monroe Doctrine declared America closed to further foreign colonization.

John Quincy Adams Served: Vice President: John Calhoun First Lady: Louisa Catherine Johnson Party Affiliation: Democratic- Republican

Son of the 2 nd president Named “Old Man Eloquent” because of his persuasive speeches Member of congress for 18 years after he was president

Andrew Jackson Served: Vice-president: John C. Calhoun Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Widowed in 1828

War Hero nicknamed ”Old Hickory” Founder of Democratic Party Indian Removal Act forced migration of American Indians On the $20.00 Bill

Martin Van Buren Served: Vice-president: Richard M. Johnson Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Widowed in 1819

Ran for president 3 times. “O.K.” comes fro the campaign slogan “Old Kinderhook” Believed government role should be small even in times of need Helped form first “Political Machine,” an organization that trades favors for votes.

William Henry Harrison Served: 1841 Vice-president: John Tyler Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: None

First Whig president Grandfather of the 23th president Served shortest term of all presidents First president to die on office. Died in the White House.

John Tyler Served: Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: Letitia Christian and Julia Gardiner

First vice President to become President Because a president without any ties because the Whigs disbanded First President married in office First impeach attempt (it Failed) Set up trade relations with China

James Knox Polk Served: Vice-president: George M. Dallas Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Sarah Childress

First Dark-horse (little known) candidate Mexican War Victory extended nation’s boundaries to pacific ocean Gold Rush spurred western expansion Oregon Treaty established 48 th parallel as Canadian Border

Zachary Taylor Served: Vice-president: Millard Fillmore Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: Margaret Mackall Smith

Called ”Old Rough and Ready” by his troops. Never voted until his own presidential election 1 st election held at the same time in all states Died in the Whitehouse after 16 months in office

Millard Fillmore Served: Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Whig First Lady: Abigail Powers

Last Whig President Compromise of 1850 delayed Civil War by 10 years Enforced the Fugitive lave laws Financed expedition to far East, opening door to trade with japan

Franklin Pierce Served: Vice-president: William R. King Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Jane Means Appleton

Supported immigrant rights Unsuccessful attempt to seize Cuba From Spain Purchase Land from Mexico, establishing present border Passed controversial Kansas-Nebraska Act, nullifying Missouri Compromise

James Buchanan Served: Vice-president: John C. Breckinridge Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Never Married

Only Bachelor President 40 years prior service in Congress and senate Campaigned on “Save the Union” theme During presidency, six slave states seceded to form new “Confederate States of America” Democrats split into North and South during 1860 presidential election, but neither would re-nominate him.

Abraham Lincoln Served: Vice-president: Hannibal Hamiln, Andrew Johnson Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Mary Todd

President during the Civil War Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves Assassinated beginning of the 2 nd term Portrait on $5.00 bill and penny Likeness carved on Mount Rushmore

Andrew Johnson Served: Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Union First Lady: Eliza McCardle

Only southern senator during the Civil War who refused to secede with his state 1 st impeachment vote by House of Representatives, acquitted by Senate Start of Southern Reconstruction Slavery officially abolished Purchased Alaska from Russia

Ulysses Simpson Grant Served: Vice-president: Schuyler Colfax, Henry Wilson Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Julia Dent

General-in-Chief of the union Army Continued Reconstruction of the South Established Yellowstone National Park Portrait on $50.00

Rutherford B. Hayes Served: Vice-president: William A Wheeler Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Lucy Ware Webb

Volunteer counsel for Underground Railway helping slaves win their freedom Congress had to create special electoral Commission to decide deadlock presidential election. Declared winner just 56 hours before inauguration Withdrew Troops from South

James Abram Garfield Served: 1881 Vice-president: Chester Alan Arthur Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Lucretia Rudolph

Served 6 months 2 nd president to be assassinated Alexander Graham Bell tried unsuccessfully to locate bullet in Garfield's back Death served as catalyst for civil service reform

Chester Alan Arthur Served: Vice-president: None Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Widowed in 1880

Defender of Civil Right for Blacks Passed first Civil service Law Modernized Navy Unsuccessfully vetoed bill prohibiting Chinese immigration

Grover Cleveland Served: Vice-president: Thomas A. Hendricks Party Affiliation: Democratic First Lady: Frances Folsom

1 st Democratic president after the Civil War Married in White House Dedicated Statue of Liberty Forced return of illegal railroad lands

Benjamin Harrison Served: Vice-president: Levi P. Morton Party Affiliation: Republican First Lady: Caroline Lavinia Scott

Called “ little Ben” because of his size Grandson of 9 th president Established first Pan American Congress Enlarged the Navy