Industrial Revolution Vocabulary Terms
Industrial Revolution 1. was the era in which a change from household (cottage) industries to factory production using powered machinery took place
material supplied by nature (like water or coal) natural resource 2. material supplied by nature (like water or coal)
free enterprise 3. people are free to buy, sell, own, and produce products as well as work wherever they choose, as the government has limited control over the economy
scientific discoveries that simplify work technology 4. scientific discoveries that simplify work
something new or different innovation 5. something new or different
patent 6. official document giving an inventor the sole legal right to an invention and its profits for a certain period of time
cotton gin 7. an invention by Eli Whitney that sped up the cleaning of cotton fibers and in effect, increased the need for slaves
Lowell Mills 8. factories owned by Frances Lowell in Massachusetts that employed mostly young immigrant girls to work in difficult conditions for long hours and low wages
interchangeable parts 9. identical machine parts that could be quickly put together to make a complete product; allowed for mass production
the manufacture of goods in large quantities mass production 10. the manufacture of goods in large quantities
textile 11. cloth or fabric
the growth of cities and towns urbanization 12. the growth of cities and towns
the counting of the population; happens every 10 years in US census 13. the counting of the population; happens every 10 years in US
steamboat 14. development by Robert Fulton that revolutionized transportation and trade along rivers in the United States
sectionalism 15. a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country
protective tariff 16. a tax on goods from another country which is designed to get people to buy products made in their OWN country and not to buy imported goods – this would “protect” American industry
Robert Fulton given credit for creating the first steamboat – speeds up transportation 17.
Samuel Morse invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication 18. Samuel Morse invents the telegraph in 1844, speeds up communication
John Deere invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge in 1836 19.
Cyrus McCormick invented a grain reaper in 1834, making harvest faster and easier 20.
John C. Calhoun 21. South Carolina Congressman and Senator who spoke for the South before and during the Civil War
Daniel Webster 22. Massachusetts Congressman and Senator who spoke for the North and the preservation of the Union
Henry Clay 23. powerful Kentucky Congressman and Senator who proposed the American System and the Compromise of 1850; known as the “Great Compromiser”
James Monroe 24. author of the Monroe Doctrine, which shut down the western hemisphere to European expansion or interference