Ms. Tanguay Painting 2011

Mixing oil paint was a time consuming chore 1. Crush minerals into powdered pigments 2. Add the binder 3. Store in casings made of animal bladder 4. Do this every few days The 1841 invention of collapsible tubes of paint changed the art world. 1. Provided premixed paints 2. Allowed artists to paint outdoors Artists began using oil paints in Northern Europe in the 15 th century (Early Renaissance) OIL

FRIDA KAHLO As a teenager she was in a traffic accident and thereafter spent most of her life in physical and emotional pain. She often painted herself suffering. She taught herself how to paint Developed a style informed by the Social Realism popular in Mexican painting after the revolution of Like the socially aware Mexican muralists, Kahlo used realism to express the pains and frustrations of her life, especially her injury and marriage. The close-up style of most of her portraits also reflects the influence of Mexican retablos (portraits of saints)

Self-portrait with Thorn Necklace and Hummingbird by Frida Kahlo This Mexican painter is known for a large series of self-portraits. How did she create a sense of balance in this work? The wounds in her neck made by thorny vines symbolize her devastation following her divorce from artist Diego Rivera. A dead hummingbird (an image she identified with herself) hangs from her neck.

OIL SURFACES Surfaces used in oil paintings include: Wood Paper Canvas (Linen or Cotton) Most surfaces need a coat of primer, the glue or size (such as gesso) used to prepare a painting surface The primer prevents oil paint from seeping into the surface

Brushes most often used for oil painting are made of stiff, white hog bristles. Three types of brushes 1. Filbert- long bristles with rounded tips 2. Flat- long bristles with square tips 3. Bright- short bristles with square tips Fan brushes are used for blending and thin riggers are used for fine lines and details. Brushes must be thoroughly cleaned with turpentine after use (oil buildup will ruin brushes) TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

A palette knife can be used to: 1. mix colors on a palette 2. to scrape paint off a palette or canvas 3. to apply paint Palette knives are thin and flexible and come in a variety of shapes Palettes come in different forms 1. Wooden- should be cleaned regularly and given a coat of linseed oil each time 2. Wax paper- convenient because they are disposable TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Floor or table easel is essential 1. Keeps canvas upright for comfort while working 2. Allows you to view your painting at a good angle 3. When using paper, tape to a board then put on an easel Brush washers allows paint to sink to the bottom when cleaning your brushes in thinner. Palette cups are used to hold small amounts of oil or turnpentine TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

Can be used in many different ways 1. Thin, transparent washes 2. Directly from the tube Oil paint is very thick which means it needs a stiff brush to be able to spread it. Thin the paint with 1. Linseed oil 2. Turpentine 3. An equal combination of the two Thin washes can be applied over previously painted areas BASIC OIL TECHNIQUES

Mix colors on a palette before placing them on a surface. Scratching, applying straight from the tube (no brush), using palette knives all add interesting results. Scumbling- apply an opaque color over a dried color and then remove some of the opaque color with a brush or rag, revealing the first layer of color and adding texture to the surface. Build up layers Underpainting- the first layer of a painting, to sketch in the main shapes, to be overpainted with other colors or glazes. BASIC OIL TECHNIQUES

Underpaintings are done with a thin wash that dries quickly. You MUST work from thin layers to thick ones, letting each layer dry before adding the next. Thin layers that are dry are not flexible, if over a think layer that is still drying and shrinking the thinner layer will crack and flake. Alla prima- wet into wet; work is completed in one session. Easy to overwork the surface using this technique BASIC OIL TECHNIQUES

Store carefully to avoid smearing and/or smudging. BASIC OIL TECHNIQUES Lonely Stairway by Iza Wojcik The artist used thin washes of paint to create a muted, mysterious image. What part of the painting has contrast? What effect does this create?

Abstract Expressionism, was dominated by male painters and gallery owners who sensed they could make money off this style of art. There were prominent female artists of this movement, Joan Mitchell among them. Influenced by Gorky and de Kooning, she developed a style of slashing lines and shapes of bright colors on neutral backgrounds. Her first solo exhibit was in ART HISTORY BREAK

Yvonne and Magdeleine Torn in Tatters by Marcel Duchamp Study this painting of Duchamp’s sisters. What elements or principles did he emphasize?

RENE MAGRITTE Surrealism- An artistic movement in the 1920’s that explored dreams, a world above or beyond conscious thought. Rene Magritte was born in Belgium in 1898, went to art school when he was thirteen. Painted roses in a wallpaper factory and designed advertisements to make a living before finding success in the surrealist movment.

Sketch out the largest objects, areas with diluted wash of paint or do an underpainting. Use larger brushes to paint large, bold areas. Begin with shadows or dark values first then add areas of lighter value next Fill in small areas using a medium sized brush. Add secondary objects and shapes that overlap the larger areas. Add finishing touches (textures, patterns, etc.) with a small brush. HOW TO USE OIL PAINTS

Known for nightmarelike compositions that have a strong sense of motion and energy. Born in Chili in 1911 but lived in many countries. Studied architecture in college. His paintings are very large, and have a sense of sci-fi to them. ROBERTO MATTA