“Hybrid Rice Development in Bangladesh: Assessment of Limitations and Potential” Md. Azim Uddin Chief Seed Technologist Ministry of Agriculture Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh Expert Consultation on

National Symbols of Bangladesh Water Lilly Jackfruit National bird: Doel Royal Bengal Tiger

Bangladesh at a glance Area : sq. km Area : sq. km Population : about 160 million Population : about 160 million Population growth rate : 1.4% Population growth rate : 1.4% Density of population per sq. km : 980 Density of population per sq. km : 980 Total cultivable area: 8.5 million hectare Total cultivable area: 8.5 million hectare Net cultivable area : 7.45 million hectare Net cultivable area : 7.45 million hectare Cropping intensity : 190% Cropping intensity : 190% Agriculture: Main contributor of GDP 20% Agriculture: Main contributor of GDP 20% Annual Rice production : about 34 million ton Annual Rice production : about 34 million ton

Surrounded by India around 3 sides and Bay of Bengal at the south. Surrounded by India around 3 sides and Bay of Bengal at the south. It lies in the South Asia sub-continent between o N latitude and o E longitude It lies in the South Asia sub-continent between o N latitude and o E longitude BANGLADESH India

Climate Rainfall Yearly :1400 mm to 4500 mm. Average: 2300 mm. Average: 2300 mm. Temperature In winter : Minimum average temp. : 15 o C In winter : Minimum average temp. : 15 o C Maximum average temp. : 26 o C Maximum average temp. : 26 o C In summer: Minimum average temp. : 25 o C In summer: Minimum average temp. : 25 o C Maximum average temp. :32 o C Maximum average temp. :32 o C Solar radiation Solar radiation Maximum (Winter) : 9 hrs/day. Minimum (Monsoon) : 4-5 hrs/day. Minimum (Monsoon) : 4-5 hrs/day. Bangladesh enjoys a sub-tropical monsoon climate - short and dry winter from November to February.

Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in Bangladesh and regarded as the lifeline of the nation’s economy. Agriculture contributes to about 20% to the country's GDP (crop sector 12.3%, fisheries 3.7%, livestock 4%), sustains the livelihood of about 48% of the labor force. Agriculture sector is concerned with the countries’ food security. Agriculture of Bangladesh

 The primary concern of the government is to ensure food security and alleviate poverty through sustainable growth and development of agriculture.  The productivity and the production resources, especially the land, water and genetic resources are gradually shrinking and degrading.  In the years ahead, we will need to produce more diversified food with the implementation of greater shares of hybrid rice technology. Contd..

Rice is Life

Rice: The Lifeline of Bangladesh  Bangladesh is a rice dominant country.  It is the staple food for the entire 160 million people of Bangladesh.  Per capita consumption is kg.  70% of their calories come from rice.  Rice is grown on an ave. area of 11 million ha.

Rice Growing Ecosystem SeasonDuration Land area (Mil. ha) Production (Mil.ton) Yield (t/ha) Ecosystem Aus April - July Rainfed Aman July - November Rainfed Boro November - April Irrigated Source: DAE, MoA

Rice seasons in Bangladesh (Crop calendar) JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Aus Upland Aman Rainfed lowland Boro Irrigated JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec Sowing period Growing period Harvestin g period Source:BRRI

4 th largest rice producing country in the world  4 th largest rice producing country in the world modern varieties cover: 98% area in Boro, modern varieties cover: 98% area in Boro, 70% in Aman and 75% in Aus. 70% in Aman and 75% in Aus.  Boro varieties are fully irrigated and only 5% and 7% area of Aus and Aman are under and 7% area of Aus and Aman are under supplementation irrigation. supplementation irrigation.  Boro rice harvests more than half of annual production. production. Overview of Rice in Bangladesh

Hybrid Rice Introduction – History Hybrid Rice Introduction – History

Hybrid Rice Research in Bangladesh

Hybrid Rice Research at BRRI  1993, BRRI started hybrid rice research with IRRI funded by ARMP.  1998, BRRI continue hybrid rice research with IRRI funded by ARMP.  2001, BRRI released first hybrid variety funded by PETTRA.  2002, BRRI conducted hybrid rice research with IRRI funded by PETTRA.  2005, BRRI strengthen hybrid rice research with IRRI funded by GoB.  , BRRI released additional three hybrids consequently. Source:BRRI

Present Scenario of Hybrid Rice in Bangladesh (Three line hybrid system – A, R & B line) Source: Seed Wing, MoA

BADC has joined the roadmap of hybrid rice seed supply through local production instead of import. BADC has introduced very high yielding super hybrid rice variety named SL-8H in the year The yield potential of SL-8H is around 14 mt./ha. In the farmers field yield was obtained mt./ha. Production of Hybrid Rice Seed

Year wise Production of Hybrid Rice Seed (SL-8H) public sector, BADC Year Source: BADC

To produce Truthfully Labeled Seed of hybrid rice, to meet national seed requirement and to help attain food security by boosting crop yield. To produce Truthfully Labeled Seed of hybrid rice, to meet national seed requirement and to help attain food security by boosting crop yield.

Field Inspection for Seed Quality Control Three formal inspections are done for each and every crop – Three formal inspections are done for each and every crop – First inspection is done after the establishment of crop i.e. after germination or transplantation. Isolation distances are checked at first inspection. First inspection is done after the establishment of crop i.e. after germination or transplantation. Isolation distances are checked at first inspection. Second inspection is done at flowering stage (off types are rouged out). Second inspection is done at flowering stage (off types are rouged out). Third inspection is done at ripening stage. Off types if any are rouged out before harvesting. Third inspection is done at ripening stage. Off types if any are rouged out before harvesting. Maintaining Seed standard is the key factor for all the inspections.

FUMIGATION DRYING CLEANING RECEIVING SEED TESTING STORING IN BAGS FORTNIGHTLY TEST FINAL TESTING BAGGING DISPATCH TO SALE CENTRE FUMIGATION DRYING CLEANING PROCUREMENT Legend Regular: Occasional: Seed Flow in the Processing and Preservation Centre

Quality test for Seed standard The following tests are done for seed quality control- 1. Moisture test 2. Purity test 3. Germination test 4. Seed health test

Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina visited BADC stall in the International SAARC Seed Congress & Fair 2011

Year Import (MT) Local production (MT) Total (MT) Import (%) Local prod.(%) , , , , , , Hybrid Rice Seeds Import and local Production Contd..

Year Import (MT) Local production (MT) Total (MT) Import (%) Local prod.(%) , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Hybrid Rice Seeds Import and local Production

Source: Seed Wing, SCA, MoA

Area under Inbred and Hybrid Rice Paddy Production Year Area under Inbred and Hybrid Rice Area under total rice crop (Boro, Aman & Aus) Production of total rice grain (Boro, Aman & Aus) Inbred (in lac ha) Hybrid Total Hybrid (%) Inbred (in lac mt.) Hybrid Total Hybrid (%) Source: DAE

Area under Inbred and Hybrid rice grain Source: DAE

Production of Inbred and Hybrid rice grain Source: DAE

 DAE plays the key role for the extension of all kinds of modern agricultural technologies including hybrid seeds of BRRI, BADC & various companies for achieving maximum yield & production of rice in the farmers field.  It also extends hybrid seed usage & its production through supplying technical support in the farmers field by its extension personnel.  It strengthens different linkage between the research institutes & the farmers for solving their problems. Hybrid Rice Extension

 Bangladesh is a signatory of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).  The plant variety and farmers’ rights protection (PVFRP) Act of Bangladesh is now in the pipeline to get verdict and enact law in the National Parliament of Bangladesh.  After enacting the PVFRP Act-2014, the hybrid rice intellectual property rights will be incorporated in the PVFRP Act. Hybrid Rice Intellectual Property Right

Hybrid Variety development and seed production issues:  Hybrid rice research and varietal development  Hybrid rice seed production, processing, preservation  Hybrid rice seed distribution and marketing Lessons learnt on Hybrid Rice

 The CMS line, R-line, B-line potentiality and purity, out- crossing/seed setting rate is not international standards.  High amylase content with good cooking quality hybrids have not yet been developed.  Marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding and varietal improvement technology not developed.  Molecular technology by using DNA finger printing has not yet been developed for characterization and identification of genotype traits.  Local OP variety, due to superior taste, gives higher market price compare to Hybrids Rice  Released hybrids rice are sticky and soft which is disliked by consumers. Technological Constraints of Hybrid Rice in Bangladesh

A. Availability of Potential and Suitable land for Hybrid Rice Seed Production. B. Attitude of Farmers. C. Availability of Sunning floor for Seed Drying and Post Harvest Operation. D. Availability of GA 3 E. Market Price of Hybrid Rice Grain. Social and Economic Constraints

 Cost of hybrid rice seed is comparatively higher.  Hybrid rice crop needs high management.  Hybrid rice is demonstrating only the higher yield advantage but not resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.  Bold grain of hybrid rice with low amylose content is disliked by consumers. Dissemination and adoption of hybrid rice technology to the fields issues

Challenges of Climate Change Challenges- a) Drought b) Salinity c) Submergence About 3 million hectares of land under saline condition Day by day drought area is increasing Area of cold injury is also increasing

 To develop hybrids with more stable and adapted CMS & R lines having good combining ability, and satisfactory out-crossing rates.  To introduce hybrids with desirable amylose (>25%) content and grain quality with long slender variety.  To introduce hybrids resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses.  To Strengthening the capacity of R&D and production and marketing system of stakeholders.  To introduce Short duration Variety for Amon & Boro season with High amylose content.  To introduce Hybrid Rice Variety for rainfed condition.  To Increase area under Hybrid Rice Cultivation. Key Strategies and Policy Options to Promote Hybrid Rice Development

Planting Rice is never Fun Bent from morn till set of Sun Cannot stand and cannot sit, Cannot rest for a little bit.

Hybrid Seed Vertical Expansion FOOD = PEOPLE Food security HYBRID SEED - GOOD CROP Acknowledgements to those whose materials have become the basis of this Presentation & The Organizers/Funding agencies

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