Chapter 19 Motor Development John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue.

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Presentation transcript:

chapter 19 Motor Development John C. Ozmun and David L. Gallahue

TIE T = task requirements I = individual differences E = environmental factors

A Transactional Model of Causality in Motor Development and Movement Skill Acquisition

Categories of Movement Stability Locomotion Manipulation

Motor Development Theoretical Frameworks Dynamic systems theory Phases of motor development

Dynamic Systems Theory Affordances—enabling factors Rate limiters—inhibiting factors

Phases of Motor Development Reflexive Rudimentary Fundamental Specialized

Reflexive Movement Phase Information encoding stage (in utero to 4 months) Information decoding stage (4 months to 1 year)

Rudimentary Movement Phase Reflex inhibition stage (birth to 1 year) Precontrol stage (1 to 2 years)

Fundamental Movement Phase Initial stage (2 to 3 years) Elementary stage (4 to 5 years) Mature stage (6 to 7 years)

Specialized Movement Phase Transition stage (7 to 10 years) Application stage (11 to 13 years) Lifelong utilization stage (14 years and up)

The Hourglass: Gallahue’s Lifespan Model of Motor Development Reprinted, by permission, from D.L. Gallahue and J.C. Ozmun, 2002, Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, adults, 5th edition (Boston: McGraw-Hill), 92.

Infant Reflexes Primitive reflexes Postural reflexes

Selected Primitive Reflexes Moro Asymmetrical tonic neck Symmetrical tonic neck Grasping Babinski Sucking

Selected Postural Reflexes Labyrinthine righting Supportive reactions Pull-up Stepping Crawling Swimming

Infant Reflexive Behavior Indicating Possible Neurological Developmental Delay Nonexistence of reflex response Weakness of reflex response Asymmetrical reflex response Persistence of reflex response

Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Stability) Control of head and neck Control of trunk Sitting Standing

Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Locomotor) Horizontal movements Upright gait

Selected Rudimentary Movement Abilities (Manipulative) Reaching Grasping Releasing

Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Manipulative) Throwing Catching Kicking Striking

Selected Fundamental Movement Abilities (Locomotor) Running Jumping Hopping Galloping