©2005 Armstrong International, Inc. Open and Closed Systems

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 2 Condensate Return Let’s take a look at a savings analysis... Hotter boiler feed water temperatures Minimizes the amount of chemicals required to treat boiler feed water Eliminates environmental concerns Minimizes water usage which is critical in some areas Condensate is a tangible item which can be measured in the form of a savings analysis Effective return can lower overall costs which can impact profitability

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 3 A. Condensate LoadA= 2000 lb/hr B. Annual hours of operationB= 5000 hrs C. Total Water Cost = (C1+C2) C1. Untreated water and sewage.002 $/gal C2. Water treatment chemicals.003 $/gal C=.005 $/gal D. Make-up water preheating requirements D1. Condensate return temperature 200 °F D2. Make-up water temperature 60 °F D = (D1-D2) x 1.0 BTU/lb / °FD= 140 BTU/ lb E. Steam costE= 5.00 $/1000 lb F. Savings in water costs (A) x 2000 x (B) 5000 x (C) lb/galF= 5,995 $/yr G. Savings for preheating make-up water *(BTU/lb from direct steam injection) (A) 2000 x (B) 5000 x (D) 140 x (E) 5.00 *1000 x 1000G= 7,000 $/yr H. Cost of steam to run Armstrong Pump Trap 3 x (A) 2000 x (B) 5000 x (E) 5.00 *1000 x 1000H= 150 $/yr I. Total annual savings = (F+G+H) F. Savings in water costs 5,995 $/yr G. Savings for preheating make-up water +7,000 $/yr H. Cost of steam to run Armstrong Pump Trap $/yr I= 12,845 $/yr J. Payback of pump purchase Payback = $5,063 (cost of pump package) 12,845J=.39 yrs

©2005 Armstrong International, Inc. Mechanical Pump Operating Characteristics

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“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong Step 1. During filling, the steam or air inlet and check valve on pumping trap outlet are closed. The vent and check valve on the inlet are open. Open Check Valve Steam/Air In - Closed Steam/Air Out - Open Closed Check Valve Filling Filling

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong Begin Pumping Step 2. Float Rises with level of condensate until it passes trip point, and then snap action reverses the positions shown in step one. Check Valve Closed Steam/Air In - Open Steam/Air Out - Closed Open Check Valve

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong Step 3. Float is lowered as level of condensate falls until snap action again reverses positions. End Pumping Steam/Air - InVent Closed Closed Check Valve Open Check Valve

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong Step 4. Steam or air inlet and trap outlet are again closed while vent and condensate inlet are open. Cycle begins anew. Repeat Filling Steam/Air In - Closed Steam/Air Out - Open Open Check Valve Closed Check Valve

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“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 13 Open Systems

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“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 17 Considerations for Open Systems Receiver sizing Receiver must be sized to provide adequate separation of flash steam and condensate Vent sizing on receiver Vent line velocity of 3,000 – 4,000 FPM Location of Receiver Fill head is important Prevent flashing in the pump trap

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 18 Open System Advantages: Drain Multiple pieces of equipment Can use Air or Steam for pump trap operation Easiest to understand Disadvantages: Lose valuable flash steam Must run a potentially expensive atmospheric vent line

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 19 Closed-Loop Systems

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“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 21 (25 psig)

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 22 Closed System Advantages: No flash steam loss No need to run long expensive vent lines No electric pump problems (seals, motors, cavitation etc.) Use a smaller pump than in a open system* Return condensate hotter Disadvantages: Dedicated pump for a single piece of equipment More complex to pipe Can not use air as motive force *May be possible to downsize a pump in a closed-loop system when system pressure may, at some point, exceed the back pressure.

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“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 24 Product Range Single pump capacities from 350 lb/hr to 73,000 lb/hr Flash recovery vessels Electric condensate pumps

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 25 Rescue Cap™ Fits Spirax Sarco PPC/PPF pumps. Watson McDaniel Spence Hoffman PCS Gestra FPS23 Johnson Clark Reliance

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 26 Armstrong Stainless Steel Sump Ejector Replaces standard electric sump pumps (must have high pressure steam available For steam pits, tunnels and enclosed spaces where ground or rain water can accumulate and requires pumping Can be used in any application where the water temperature will not exceed 140°F Great for locations that run underground steam lines where the drip traps are in tunnels or manholes

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 27 Armstrong AFT Vertical Flash Vessels Excellent for providing low velocity flash steam with no water carryover ASME Sec. VIII U stamped to 150 PSI (other pressures upon request)

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 28 Packaged Solutions Standard Packages Custom Fabrications ASME Packages Low Boy Solutions Vented Systems Closed-loop Systems Process Water Packages and more… Closed-loop Low-Boy Receiver Package

“Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong “Expect many enjoyable experiences!” David M. Armstrong 29 Common Industry Applications Modulating Control Jacketed Kettles Jacketed Kettles Process Air Heating Process Air Heating Tank Heaters Tank Heaters Shell & Tube Exchangers Shell & Tube Exchangers Process Media (water, oil, food etc.) Process Media (water, oil, food etc.) Any steam consuming process heat exchanger utilizing…

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