LIONS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION Vaccines – Saving Lives Worldwide

This year’s World Immunization Week starts this week: April 24-30

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Ten Great Public Health Achievements United States, Vaccination Motor-vehicle safety Safer workplaces Control of infectious diseases Decline in deaths from coronary heart disease Safer and healthier foods Healthier mothers and babies Family planning Fluoridation of drinking water Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard –Source: Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1999

Decreased Mortality in the US from Infectious Diseases in the 1900s Sharp drop in infant and child mortality In % of all deaths among children <5; by 1997 only 1.4% Leading causes of death pneumonia, tuberculosis, diarrhea, and diphtheria 29.2 year increase in life expectancy!!!

Progress in Eradication of Global Infections Eradication of Smallpox in 1977 Elimination of Poliomyelitis from the Western Hemisphere in 1994 Potential elimination of global poliomyelitis in the next 5 to 10 years Potential elimination of measles in the next 10 to 20 years Vaccines in development for prevention of diarrheal diseases, cervical cancer (HPV)

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Vaccine Successes and Failures Pediatric vaccinations have had the most profound impact of any intervention on increasing global child survival, accounting for 3 million children’s lives saved annually. Even in the 21st century, however, vaccine-preventable infectious diseases, including tetanus, measles and pertussis, cause disease and death in many parts of the world.

Globally… One death in three of the ~54 million deaths worldwide is from an infectious cause Virtually all of these deaths are in developing areas of the world – mainly India and sub-Saharan Africa Disproportionately affect children Many of the developing world deaths are due to preventable causes Pneumonia and Diarrhea – account for 40% of these deaths Tuberculosis Measles Malaria

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Measles is… One of the top five causes of vaccine preventable deaths in the world. One of the most contagious diseases; 90% of those without immunity will quickly contract measles when exposed to the virus. Measles takes the life of 335 children every day – more than 122,000 a year. And it’s completely preventable Easy to prevent – the vaccine costs less than US$1.

Measles is… - Measles, a viral respiratory infection, killed over 500,000 children in 2003, more than any other vaccine-preventable disease. - The measles death toll in Africa is so high – every minute one child dies – that many mothers don't give children real names until they have survived the disease. -Measles weakens the immune system and renders children very susceptible to fatal complications from diarrhea, pneumonia and malnutrition. -Those that survive may suffer blindness, deafness or brain damage

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. Measles Quiz What areas of the world are currently affected by measles? A.Developing countries B.Africa C.Africa, Asia, and Europe D.Every part of the world is affected by measles 13

D. Measles Affects Every Part of the World 2013 Outbreaks Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. Which of these serious side effects can result from a measles infection and lead to lifelong health complications or death in children? A.Blindness from corneal scarring B.Encephalitis C.Pneumonia D.Severe diarrhea E.All of the above 15 Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. E: All of the above 16 Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. 17 True or False: Measles related deaths have decreased by 78% since Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. 18 True! Global efforts to vaccinate against measles, which started in 2000, led to over 1 billion children being vaccinated and millions of lives being saved. Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. How many deaths have been prevented by measles vaccination efforts since 2001? A.2 Million B.3 Million C.7 Million D.13.8 Million E.20 million 19 Measles Quiz

We Care. We Serve. We Accomplish. D million deaths have been prevented! 20 Measles Quiz

Why must we stay vigilant in our work to combat measles? A) Some large populations remain unvaccinated B) 5 out of 6 major regions of the world experienced large outbreaks last year C) In the Americas (where measles was eliminated as of 2002) imported measles cases continue to be recorded D) 122,000 people died from measles in 2012 E) All of the above 21 Measles Quiz

E) All of the above “One of the challenges of the fight against measles, and of immunization in general, is that you’ve got to keep at it. You’ve got to be relentless, because children who need to be protected are born every day. You don’t vaccinate once. You do it year after year. As long as you do, children are safe. But when you stop, children die.” - William H. Gates, Sr., Co-chair and Trustee of the The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 22 Measles Quiz

Why are children dying? More than 30 million children are unimmunized either because vaccines are unavailable, because health services are poorly provided or inaccessible or because families are uninformed or misinformed about when and why to bring their children for immunization. Pneumonia, diarrhea, malaria, measles, HIV/AIDS and malnutrition are the primary killers of children in the developing world.

These children die because they are poor, they do not have access to routine immunization or health services, their diets lack sufficient vitamin A and other essential micronutrients, and they live in circumstances that allow pathogens (disease-causing organisms) to thrive. The possibility that children will become seriously ill or die depends largely on whether their immune systems can fight off infections. Malnutrition, combined with unsanitary or crowded conditions, makes them extremely vulnerable.

Access to immunization varies greatly across the world A child in a developing country is ten times more likely to die of a vaccine-preventable disease than a child from an industrialized one. In some countries, up to 70% of children do not receive the full set of vaccines; the lowest coverage is found in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that a child in an industrialized country receives eleven vaccines on average, while a child from a developing country is lucky to receive half that number

Why Global Eradication of Infectious Diseases? Immunization is one of the most cost effective health interventions in existence. If polio is eradicated, $ 1.5 billion per year will be saved on immunization costs alone. (as of Nov 2014 it exists in only THREE countries!!! )

Why Global Eradication of Infectious Diseases? Similarly, eradication of smallpox in 1979 led to direct savings of $ 275 million per year. Immunization reduces the social and financial costs of treating diseases, offering opportunities for poverty reduction and greater social and economic development.

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