NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON AGRICULTURE FOR KHARIF COMPAIGN NATIONAL CONFRENCE ON AGRICULTURE FOR KHARIF COMPAIGN Department of Agriculture, Punjab VENUE: NASC, PUSA COMPLEX, NEW DELHI.

PUNJAB AGRICULTURE : AN OVERVIEW Punjab produces about 11% of country ’ s and 2% of world ’ s Rice Area (geographical) : lakh ha Net sown area: 41.80lakh ha (83% of state’s Geographicalarea) Irrigated area: lakh ha (98.8%) – Canals : lakh ha (27.3%) – Tubewells : lakh ha (72.7%) through lakh tubewells Total cropped area: lakh ha Cropping intensity: 191% Cropping Systems : Rice-Wheat; Cotton-Wheat; and Maize-Wheat During Punjab produced a LMT of food grains

RABI ASSESSMENT Area= Lac.ha. Prod.= Lac.MT. S. NO. CROPRabi Rabi Prospects Area Production AreaProduction 1.Wheat Barley Pulses (including summer moong) Rabi Food grains Rabi Oilseed Sunflower Total

KHARIF PROSPECTS Area =Lac.ha. Prod=Lac.MT. Sr. No.CROPKharif 2014 Estimated Proposed Target - Kharif 2015 AreaProd.AreaProd. 1Rice Maize Bajra Kharif Pulses Kh. Food Grains Kharif Oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Total

INITIATIVES FOR DIVERSIFICATION  Under PPP mode High yielding variety seeds of Maize were distributed to farmers on 75 % subsidy in non traditional area.  To facilitate farmers for marketing of maize crop to get better price, two commercial maize driers were installed at Saila Khurd (HPR) and at S B S Nagar.  Technical advisory given to farmers through training programs and field days organized at District, block and village level.  Latest agriculture Machinery provided to farmers on 50 % subsidy.  IPM field school were organized to promote judicious use of pesticides.  Laser land leveling promoted to conserve irrigation water.  50% assistance on micro irrigation system like drip and sprinkler.  60% assistance on micro irrigation scheme to small and marginal farmers. 5

1). Existing Soil Testing Laboratories (STLs) are being strengthened with available man power under ATMA. 2). STLs are further strengthened with the necessary equipments, chemicals and glassware. 3). Trainings are being imparted to both farmers regarding interpretation of soil health cards and STL staff regarding management of soil health. 4) lacs Soil Health Cards will be published under ATMA scheme. 5). Frontline and field demonstrations will be laid out as per action plan 2015 – 16 under NMSA. 1) Strategy to issue Soil Health Cards in time bound manner.

Soil Health Card Status Components TargetAchievementTarget Soil Samples3,51,0003,12,0003,51,000 Soil Health Cards1,00,0001,13,0001,20,000

FERTILIZER REQUIREMENT Name of Fertilizer Rabi Kharif RequirementAvailability 2014 Consumption 2014 Requirement 2015 Urea DAP SSP NPK MOP (Figures in 000 MT) ► State has two fertilizer testing labs with a capacity of 3600 samples per annum, 3610 samples analyzed up to March, 2015 out of which 94 have been found non standard.

1.SOIL HEALTH STATUS OF PUNJAB SOILS (% of Soil Samples Determined as Low Medium & High) NitrogenPhosphorusPotash LowMediumHighLowMediumHighLowMediumHigh Boron and sulpher deficiency:- Not a major issue in Punjab State. 3.Potassium balance is a matter of concern as consumption is very low:- The state soils are medium to high in potassium, therefore the consumption is low. 9

NATIONAL CONFERENCE KHARIF 2015 Promotion of Pulses in Punjab State Department of Agriculture, Punjab Chandigarh

About Punjab: About Punjab:  Area (geographical) : 5.04 m ha  Net sown area: 4.2 m ha  Total cropped area: 7.9 m ha  Irrigated area: 4.09 m ha (98.3%) Tubewells irrigated: 2.97 m ha (73%) through lakh tubewells Canals irrigated : 1.11 m ha (27%)  Cropping intensity: 191%  Major Cropping Systems : Rice-Wheat; Cotton-Wheat; and Maize-Wheat.

AREA, PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PULSES IN PUNJAB Year Area (’000’hac.) Production (‘000’MT) Productivity (Kg./hac.) *

CROP-WISE AREA SOWN POSITION OF PULSES DURING RABI Name of the pulses crop TARGET FOR Area (000 ha.) Prod. (000 mt) Yield (Kg/ha) Area (000 ha) Prod. (000 mt) Av. Yield (Kg/ha) Gram Lentil Field Peas

CROP-WISE AREA SOWN POSITION UNDER PULSES DURING KHARIF Name of the pulses crop TARGET FOR Area (000 ha.) Prod. (000 mt) Yield (Kg/ha) Area (000 ha.) Prod. (000 mt) Av.Yield (Kg/ha) Moong (Kharif) Moong (Zaid) Mash Mash (Zaid) Arhar

AREA UNDER SUMMER MOONG DURING Sr. No. DistrictArea in ha. Sr. No. DistrictArea in ha. 1Amritsar700011Faridkot1600 2Tarn Taran850012Fatehgarh Sahib940 3Gurdaspur720013Jallandhar1500 4Hoshiarpur600014Kapurthala1200 5Ferozepur450015Mansa3000 6Sangrur800016Mukatsar1500 7Barnala140017Nawan Shahar2050 8Ludhiana Patiala3500 9Ropar120019Moga Mohali70020Bathinda1800 Total77090

PROMOTION OF PULSES UNDER SEED VILLAGE SCHEME Sr. No. InterventionAchievements Targets Village covered500 2.No. of farmers Area Covered5000 ha. 4.Seed Supplied on 50 % Subsidy 1875/ qtl.2000/ qtl.

FACILITIES PROVIDED TO THE FARMERS FOR PROMOTION OF PULSES  Seed of Summer Moong is provided on 25/- Kg. Under National Food Security Mission-Pulses.  Rs. 7500/- per hac Provided for demonstration.  4800/- hac is provided under A3P and Additional Area Coverage of Pulses Scheme.  Weedicides, Fungicides, Pesticides etc. are provided on or Rs. 500/- hac. whichever is less.  New Machinery is provided to the farmer on subsidy  subsidy is provided to the farmers under Seed Village Scheme for production of good quality of seed

PROBLEMS IN TRDITIONAL CROPING SYSTEM IN PUNJAB LOWERING OF GROUND WATER TABLE ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION DUE TO HIGH INPUTS OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES. LOSS OF SOIL PRODUCTIVITY PROCUREMENT PROBLEMS

BENEFIT OF PULSES PRODUCTION IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL FERTILITY REQUIREMENT OF LESS INPUTS SAVE NATURAL RESOURCES COMPONENT OF HUMAN DIET

SCOPE –ENACTMENT OF PUNJAB PRESERVATION OF SUB SOIL WATER ACT –AVAILABLE VARIETY FOR SUMMER MUNG –TIME OF SOWING –CROP -ROTATION –AVAILABILITY OF AREA

REASON FOR DECLINE IN AREA UNDER PULSES PROBLEMS OF MARKETING AND FLUCTUATING PRICES LEAD TO UNCERTAINTY OF FARMERS. CULTIVATING OF PULSES IS LESS REMUNERATIVE THAN THAT OF FOOD GRAIN CROPS SUCH AS WHEAT AND PADDY. INADEQUATE AVAILABILITY OF SEED OF RECOMMENDED HIGH YIELDING VARIETIES. LACK OF DISEASE/PEST RESISTANT AND SALT TOLERANT VARIETIES. PULSES ARE NOT SURE CROPS AND PROVE TO SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS PEST & DISEASES ETC.

WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE FOR INCREASING THE AREA UNDER PULSES DESIGNATE AGENCY FOR ASSURED PROCUREMENT NEW VARIETIES SHOULD BE DEVELOPED AND SEED OF THAT VARIETIES MADE AVAILABLE AT AFFORDABLE PRICE. AWARENESS/PUBLICITY CAMPS FOR PROMOTION OF PULSES ASSURED SUPPLY OF POWER WELL IN TIME MECHANICAL HARVESTING/THRESHERS MADE AVAILABLE AT PACS.

POWER OF ICT

CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURE Agriculture is an important sector with the majority of the rural population in developing countries depending on it. Sector faces major challenges of enhancing production in a situation of dwindling natural resources necessary for production, Water shortages, declining soil fertility, effects of climate change and rapid decrease of fertile agricultural lands due to urbanization Growing demand for Agricultural products offers opportunities for producers to sustain and improve their livelihoods.

DECISION SUPPORT FOR EHANCING KHARIF PRODUCTION Key improvements stem from information about regulations early warning systems,pest and disease control, new varieties, new ways to optimize production with the applicability of ICT. Timely information for the transplantation of Non basmati variety paddy and basmati variety of paddy to arrest the falling trend in ground water Propagation of Direct seeded rice to conserve water Leaf color chart for the Judicious use of fertilizers. Use of Tensiometers Providing soil health cards Promoting Chisel ploughs to break the hard crust to conserve water and increase in yield

TACKLING CHALLENGES IN AGRICULTURAL USING ICT FOR Timely availability of information(Weather information system and Pricing) Need for relevant Agricultural information Initiatives to expand the reach of farm extension services through phone, radio, video, Mobiles and Internet and sometimes all. SMS or text messaging campaigns for enabling environment advocacy Applications (apps) to help buyers manage transactions with the thousands of small-scale farmers who supply to them Improving market access Foster strategies and programmes with a long-term perspective

Initiatives Taken By Department of Agriculture, Punjab 1. KISAN CALL CENTRE: As per instructions of Govt. of India Department registered names of State Level designating officers for Agriculture and allied Departments to implement “Revised Escalation Matrix of KCC”. Department has created and forwarded User ID’s of Animal Husbandry, Horticulture, SAU and Fisheries. Names of district/block experts have been registered by Department of Agriculture, Punjab from 21 districts. Now Department is going to arrange videoconferencing of Field Experts of Agriculture & allied and F.T.A. of KCC to provide them online training regarding field problems..

Regular Trainings for F.T.A.(Level-1) & Level-2 experts were conducted at P.A.U. Ludhiana. Important Literature /books were supplied to KCC. Due coverage given on Doordarshan and All India Radio Under Mass Media Support to Agriculture Extension “ Mera Pind Mere Khet” is relayed on Doordarshan. Dehati Programme of All India Radio is being regularly sponsored by Department from number of years. Regular meetings of Rural Programme Advisory Committee are conducted with participation of Doordarshan, Agriculture & Allied departments and P.A.U. Ludhiana. 2. MASS MEDIA

S.NoName of stateNUMBER OF CALLS FROM 21/10/2004 to 30/4/2012 NUMBER OF CALLS FROM 01/05/2004 to Feb PUNJAB KISAN CALL CENTRE

M-KISAN PORTAL S.NO ADVISORIES /INFORMATION /SERVICE SENT TO THE FARMERS AS ON 01/04/2015 AGRICULTURESTATE(HQ)ATMAKVK ANIMAL HUSBANDRY HORTICULTURE

STATUS OF SEED/PESTICIDE /FERTILIZER/MACHINERY DEALERS ON FARMER PORTAL AS ON 01/04/2015 STATE NUMBER OF SEED DEALERS NUMBER OF FERTILIZER DEALERS NOUMBER OF PESTICIDE DEALERS NUMBER OF MANUFACT URES TOTAL NUMBER OF DEALERS IN STATE PUNJAB

Strategy for Availability of Vegetables during Rainy Season April 2015 Dr Daljit Singh Gill Horticulture Development Officer, Cum Project Officer Centre of Excellence for Vegetables, Kartarpur (Jalandhar), Punjab 33

PRESENTATION OUTLINE Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops Selection of suitable Vegetable -Varieties / Hybrids Protected Cultivation during Summers and Rainy Season Scenario in Punjab Transplanting of seedlings instead of direct sowing Raised Bed Cultivation Control of Insect-Pest and Diseases Storage of Vegetables STRATEGIESSTRATEGIES Opportunities for Growers 34

Scenario of Punjab Total Population of Punjab2,77,04,236 Geographical Area50.36 Lakh Hectare Net Area Sown41.84 Lakh Hectare Total Cropped Area78.70 % Irrigated Area98 % Area under Horticultural Crops2.67 (3.4% of Cropped Area) Total Area under Vegetable Crops 2 Lakh Hectares Production of Vegetable Crops40 Lakh tonnes Average Productivity of Vegetable Crops 20 tonnes per hectare 35

Hot SeasonApril to JuneHighest Temperature C and C (Recorded in the month of June) Rainy SeasonJuly to September (75% of Rainfall recorded in the month of July to September) Mean Annual Rain Fall 705 mm (Varies from 1200mm at Pathankot to 300mm at Abhohar) Winter SeasonOctober to MarchLowest Temperature 0 to C (Recorded in the month of December) Soil TypeSandy loam with pH range , therefore it has good potential for cultivation of various horticultural crops 36 Scenario of Punjab (...Contd)

Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops ParticularsPotentialConstraints Total Area under Vegetable Crops 2 Lakh Hectares > 4 Lakh Hectare Insecure Marketing Fixed Support Price of wheat/ paddy No support price for vegetables Productivity of Vegetable Crops 40 Lakh MT> 80 Lakh MTShortage of High yielding, resistant cultivars Average Productivity of Vegetable Crops 20 MT per hectare MT per hectare Traditional methods of cultivation which needs to be replaced with raised bed cultivation & drip irrigation. Knowledge gap between researchers and stakeholders. Cropping Pattern/ Crop Rotation Wheat – Paddy Rotation Area under paddy can be reduced Farmers are interested for paddy crop instead of vegetables because ensured income of paddy... Contd 37

Potential & Constraints for Vegetable Crops (Contd..) ParticularsPotentialConstraints Labour requirement & Production Cost Double than Cereal Crops Mechanization & Irrigation/ Fertigation Higher Labour requirements & Capital intensive production. Post Harvest Management & Marketing Post Harvest Loses % Can be Reduced upto 90% Area should be sown according to demand & region specific with new methods Insecure marketing (Middleman takes big share – 50%) Lack of Storage, Processing, Market Chain. RainfallAnnual Rainfall 300 – 1200 mm (75% during July to September) Protective Cultivation & Raised bed cultivation with drip irrigation in open fields also Stagnation of water Weed problem More insect/ Pest & Diseases 38

Strategy - I Selection of Suitable Vegetable Crops Sr. NoCropsCommon Varieties *Crop Period 1Bottle GaurdPunjab KomalMay – June to September – October 2Bitter GaurdPunjab-14May – June to September – October 3Squash MelonS- 48May – June to September – October 4PumpkinPunjab SmratMay – June to September – October 5Ash GaurdPunjab Ash GaurdMay – June to September – October 6Spong GaurdPSG-9May – June to September – October 7OkraPunjab 8May – June to September – October 8TomatoVarsha, UpharJuly – August to October – November 9BrinjalPBH-1, PBH-2, PBH-3May – June to September – October 10RadishPussa ChetkiMay – June to September – October 11ChillyCH-1. CH-3May – June to September – October 12CucumberPB-NaveenMay – June to September – October 13CowpeasS263May – June to September – October 14BeansMithi PhaliMay – June to September – October * Hybrids of private companies are available 39

During Rainy Season, Transplanting of Seedling should be preferred instead of Direct Sowing. Crop Mature one month earlier than Direct Sowing Less attack of Insect-pest (Red Pumpkin Beetle) & Diseases (Damping Off) during initial stages. Better establishment of seedling plants. Strategy – II Transplanting of Seedlings instead of Direct Sowing 40

Protective structure is a facility to protect crop from biotic and abiotic stress Structure for protected cultivation include Poly- green House, Net House/Shade Net and Tunnels. Poly house structure helps in protecting crops otherwise which are affected by excessive rainfall. Net house & Shade Net cultivation provide better Micro Climate specially during summer in minimising high temperature effect. Strategy - III Protected Cultivation during Summer & Rainy Season 41

Raised bed To avoid damage from rain water stagnation raised bed cultivation technique should be adopted Drip Irrigation System Saving water 30-50% Considerable saving in water, increase growth, development and yield of vegetable and control of weed Saving of labour Mulching It improve yield and quality, suppression of weed growth, fertilizer use efficiency Reflective mulches also minimise incidence of virus disease Stacking To avoid direct contact of vegetable fruit with soil and rain water Improve aeration,use of vertical space, high density plantation, also increased photosynthetic activities. Better fruit quality, Easy Harvesting, Easy field operations Protect crop from sun-scald, insect-pest & diseases. Strategy – IV Raised Bed Cultivation (Drip Irrigation, Mulching & Stacking) 42

Major Threats – Red Pumpkin beetle, Aphids, mites, Fruit Fly, Fruit & shoot borer. – Powdery Mildew, Downy Mildew, Crown/Stem rot, and Virus Diseases Protection – Use of Resistant cultivars – Integrated Pest Management Technique should be adopted – New techniques of Cultivation Strategy - V Control of Insect-Pest and Diseases 43

To avoid Shortage of Vegetable during rainy season, produce can be stored when there is glut in market (April-May). Requirement of Multi-purpose Cold Store for different vegetable storage. Small Pack-house Units including Pre-cooling/ cold store at farmer’s field should be adopted to avoid post-harvest losses. Strategy - VI Storage of Vegetables 44

Opportunities for Growers Permanent Vegetable production system indeed may be an option to improve vegetable production system All stakeholders should collectively decide to sow area on demand specific and region specific. Protected cultivation in Plastic Houses/ Net Houses/ Tunnels could improve production and yield however because of insecure marketing conditions, farmers are reluctant to invest in protected cultivation. Mulching reduces (i) The Leaching of nutrients; (ii) Soil surface erosion; and (iii) Labour demand for weed control while at same time preventing soil surface compaction. An opportunity therefore to design, test and implement innovative vegetable production system. In order to improve the bargaining power of farmers/ producers with collectors, wholesalers or retailers, growers would need to able to offer their product in large quantity and on regular, planned basis. The knowledge gap between the experts and the farmers should be reduced. This will need strong extension efforts. Special efforts need to be made in reducing the gap between potential yield and the actual yield obtained at present at the farmers’ field, reducing intra-regional and inter-regional yield variations. Efforts should also be made to cover more area under hybrids where ever possible. Farmers participation in commercial cooperation and producer’s organization would be an option to achieve this goal. 45