TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVE: 8. Describe how Wolsey rose to power under Henry VIII. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT / NOTES: What does the use of these terms say about Henry VIII’s government? Discuss. Does the example of Sir Ralph Egerton of Ridley support your observations? Explain / discuss. 2. Court - all persons who were in attendance on the King on any given day (key personnel like Wolsey and Cromwell). Privy Council - People appointed by the King to give advice on affairs of state. It included key personnel like Wolsey. Privy Chamber - Part of the household. It had its own staff, outside jurisdiction of the Lord Chamberlain, who looked after the rest of the household. The head of the Privy Chamber was the groom of the stool. There were also Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, who attended to the King’s most intimate requirements. 20 members. Key personnel= William Crompton and Henry Norris.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVE: 8. Describe how Wolsey rose to power under Henry VIII. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT / NOTES: What does the use of these terms say about Henry VIII’s government? Discuss. Does the example of Sir Ralph Egerton of Ridley support your observations? Explain / discuss. dry stamp - an impression of the King’s signature was pressed onto a document, and the indentation was outlined in ink while the other two men looked on (“Forged” King’s signature). Faction - A group of people with positive or negative interests to gain titles or anything for themselves. patronage - a post (title). There were 200 posts in the court and the King decided who got the posts.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVE: 8. Describe how Wolsey rose to power under Henry VIII. KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT / NOTES: 5. Study the timeline on page 29 (red). What do you recognise about Thomas Wolsey’s service to Henry VIII? Explain. 6. Identify: Royal Almoner, Royal Council, Legate a latere and Appoint to benefices p red 7. Was Wolsey’s rise to power under Henry VIII based on luck or ability? Explain. p (red). 8. Read sources C, D and E on page 32. Also read about the authors of each source on pages 39 and 40 (red). Answer questions 1 and 2 from the SKILLS BUILDER on page 32.

DATE: October , 2014 TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVE: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). REVIEW: 7. Wolsey’s rise to power - luck or ability? p (red) 8. Sources C, D and E on page 32. Questions 1 and 2 from the SKILLS BUILDER. WARM UP: 1. What do you think is more challenging: getting wealth or keeping wealth? Discuss. 2. How do people or politicians maintain power (students - good grades)? Discuss. 3. What three principles helped Wolsey maintain power from 1515 – 1529? p. 33

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Take notes from pages about the political relationship between Wolsey and Henry.  Consider how their relationship was perceived (Wolsey as the puppet master OR as a political partnership, each playing a role that was ultimately determined by Henry VIII).  Consider how their relationship worked.  Why did things change by 1525? Define Amicable Grant. 2. Take notes from pages about the role of Wolsey’s wealth and its effect on his power.  Consider other courtiers, D. Starkey, foreign perspectives, sources of income.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 1. Notes: the political relationship between Wolsey and Henry.  Wolsey gained the trust of the King and recognised that his position was secure as long as he was loyal and efficient. (French invasion 1513)  Traditional View : Wolsey was the Alter Rex - Wolsey was the master and Henry VIII the puppet.  Henry VIII gave Wolsey SPACE and LATITUDE but always made the final decisions on important matters (foreign policy and domestic affairs).  Revisionist View : Political Partnership - Source G - Henry VIII always retained the right to have the last word.  Wolsey and other ministers ADVISED the King but the policy might waiver, collapse or undergo revision at any moment in the interests of European diplomacy or domestic expediency  The system under Henry VIII was volatile  Rarely did Henry VIII and Wolsey disagree and  Amicable Grant - Wolsey’s attempt to impose a non-parliamentary tax in 1525 in order to raise funds for Henry VIII (after loans in 1522 and a subsidy in 1523). It was a levy for 1/6 of goods of citizens and 1/3 of those in the clergy.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 2. Notes about the role of Wolsey’s wealth and its effect on his power.  Other courtiers – were in awe and envied Wolsey – to gain so much success from a low birth  D. Starkey – quasi (resembling) royal – Hampton Court and 500 in his household  Foreign perspectives – treated to banquets and celebrations; many ambassadors witnessed the grandeur  Sources of income – was probably 10X wealthier than his nearest political rival. Multiple Bishoprics (York, Tournai, Bath, Wells, Durham and Winchester) Fees from ecclesiastical courts and gifts

Hampton Court Palace Cardinal Wolsey, Archbishop of York, took over the site of Hampton Court in Over the next seven years, Wolsey spent lavishly to build the finest palace in England. At this time, Hampton Court was more magnificent than the King’s own palace, York Palace, as the Palace of Westminster was then known. Wolsey lived in the palace only a few years. In 1528, Wolsey knew the King was engineering his downfall. Wolsey passed the palace to the King as a gift. Wolsey died the following year.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 3. Take notes from pages about how Wolsey used ruthlessness to maintain power.  Consider the examples provided - Vergil, Edward Stafford (DoB), R. Pace, other councilors.  Consider what most of the evidence suggests – much criticism toward Wolsey can be attributed to frustrated and jealous nobles Wolsey DID consult other nobles on the important matters of the day and did NOT deliberately ostracise (shun) opponents.  Define: retaining – when a noble keeps a private army that has loyalty to him first and foremost

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 4. Study the claims on page 38 about who controlled affairs - Wolsey or Henry VIII. What are the four claims?  Wolsey was a very strong minister IMPOSING policy on a very weak King.  Wolsey RELIED on the trust and goodwill of the King who always retained ultimate control of affairs.  Their relationship was a POLITICAL PARTNERSHIP - Henry entrusted authority to Wolsey, reveling in the glory and condemning the ‘wrong’.  The King was vulnerable (to factions and nobles) which allowed Wolsey to PUT IDEAS into the King’s head and believe that they were his own (source D, p. 32).

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT: 5. Read pages What conclusions do historians G.R. Elton, J.J. Scarsbrick and A.G. Dickens come to about Wolsey?  All held TRADITIONAL VIEWS.  G.R. Elton’s view held until the 1970s: ‘Wolsey’s doings were attended by folly, arrogance, false aims and final failure’.  J.J. Scarsbrick also condemned Wolsey: Wolsey ‘has had terrible judgment passed against him for having squandered power that was greedily amassed, for having mishandled, violated, corrupted or neglected most of what was in his charge’.  A.G. Dickens: ‘Wolsey’s personal arrogance, his enormous wealth and splendid ostentation (pretentious display meant to impress ) were resented’.

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). SKILL DEVELOPMENT / PRACTICE: 1. Read sources F and G on pages 33 & 34. Discuss the tone of each.  Does Guy’s assessment of Wolsey differ from Skelton’s? Explain / QTS. (8) 2. Read the SKILLS BUILDER on page 41. Complete the table below (20): What does he say about Wolsey? QTS. Why do you think he wrote that? What likely motivated him? Source I: George Cavendish p Source J: Polydore Vergil p 40

TOPIC: The Structure of government and the Role of Thomas Wolsey OBJECTIVES: 9. Explain how Wolsey was able to maintain his position (methods). SKILL DEVELOPMENT / PRACTICE: 2. Read the SKILLS BUILDER on page 41. Complete the table below: HW: 1. Read pages Jot some notes. What does he say about Wolsey? QTS. Why do you think he wrote that? What likely motivated him? Source K: Edward Hall p 40 Source L: John Skelton p 41