U.S. History Final

CivilRightsIntegration Non- Violence Freedom

Question President Johnson refused to allow a full-scale attack on the Ho Chi Minh Trail because?

Answer 1 – 10 It passed through Laos and Cambodia which were neutral in the Vietnam war. He didn’t want to expand the war more than necessary.

Question When engaging in Proxy Wars in Central and South America, what was the U.S.’s primary concern/objective?

Answer 1 – 20 Bringing stability to the region to protect American economic interests there.

Question What is the “War Powers Act?”

Answer 1 – 30 Requires the President to withdraw troops after 90 days if Congress has not given its consent for the action.

Question What made fighting in Vietnam so difficult for American soldiers?

Answer 1 – 40 Vietcong’s guerrilla fighting tactics The Vietcong’s ability to melt/disappear into the civilian population American military tactics (napalm, agent orange, civilian deaths) turned so many South Vietnamese to the Vietcong’s side

Question The collapse of the Soviet Union’s economy was mostly due to what two factors?

Answer 1 – 50 Inefficient central government planning and huge expenditures on the arms race.

Question What effect did the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, have on Congress’ constitutional war powers?

Answer 2 – 10 Handed its war powers over to the President so he could conduct war where he felt necessary.

Question In May 1989, Chinese students and workers gathered at Tiananmen Square and were attacked by government troops because they wanted what?

Answer 2 – 20 Democratic reforms, more freedoms.

Question Why did Congress pass the “War Powers Act?”

Answer 2 – 30 Congress wanted to reclaim the powers they had lost through the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which had given the President the powers that Congress is supposed to have.

Question As the fighting began between the Vietcong and South Vietnamese army, President Eisenhower first tried to help South Vietnam by?

Answer 2 – 40 Sending military advisors.

Question The fall of the “Berlin Wall” in November of 1989 symbolized what to the world?

Answer 2 – 50 The reunification of east and west Germany into one country. The fall of communism in eastern Europe. The end of the Cold War.

Question What was the Bay of Pigs?

Answer 3 – 10 A failed U.S. backed attempt to overthrow Fidel Castro’s Communist government in Cuba.

Question Rather than go to war over the “Cuban Missile Crisis”, JFK chose to take what actions?

Answer 3 – 20 Blockade Cuba to prevent more Soviet missile deliveries and remove our own missiles from Turkey.

Question What is the current economic relationship like between the United States and Cuba?

Answer 3 – 30 Cuba is open to capitalist reforms but the U.S. still has a trade embargo on Cuba so Americans can’t conduct business there.

Question As shown by the map, the Korean War resulted in what as far as control/borders?

Answer 3 – 40 Very few territorial changes. The line before and after the war are essentially the same.

Question Which piece of legislation outlawed all discriminatory devices in voting, including literacy tests, in places where less than ½ the adults had been allowed to vote?

Answer 3 – 50 Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question How were Martin Luther King Jr. (MLK) and Malcolm X different in their approaches to achieving Civil Rights?

Answer 4 – 10 MLK supported peaceful non-violent protests, while Malcolm X supported violence as a way to force change.

Question In the Supreme Court case “Brown v. Board of Education”, the court ruled that school segregation denied African Americans the “equal protection” promised by the 14 th amendment because it had what affect of children?

Answer 4 – 20 Caused psychological damage to African American students, making them feel inferior.

Question The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established what doctrine legalizing segregation?

Answer 4 – 30 The separate-but-equal doctrine.

Question The Freedom riders were organized to draw attention to the South’s refusal to?

Answer 4 – 40 Desegregate bus travel.

Question After his pilgrimage to Mecca, Malcolm X concluded that?

Answer 4 – 50 It was possible for people of different races to live together peacefully.

Question What piece of legislation outlawed segregation and discrimination in most public facilities?

Answer 5 – 10 Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question What piece of legislation outlawed poll taxes but failed to do so for other voting devices such as literacy tests?

Answer 5 – th Amendment