Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Chapter 17-1

Vocabulary 1947-1991 United Nations Iron Curtain Containment Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Cold War NATO Warsaw Pact Brinksmanship

Allies Become Enemies U.S. and USSR alliance starts to unravel before WWII ends U.S. mad that Stalin signed non-aggression pact Stalin mad at Allies for not invading Europe sooner

Yalta Conference U.S., Britain, and Soviet Union met in Feb 1945 and decided to divide Germany into 4 occupied zones U.S. France Britain USSR

Creation of UN June 1945 48 nations formed the United Nations in San Francisco United Nations: International Peace keeping organization Five Permanent Members with veto power U.S France Great Britain China Soviet Union

U.S. versus USSR Goals U.S. left the war strong, USSR left weak and mad Communism versus Capitalism Capitalism: economic system where the means of production are controlled by individuals for profit. Communism: Means of production are owned by everyone.

USSR Goal to protect their country from any future invasion and spread Communism Eastern Europe was that buffer Collection of communist states Iron Curtain Speech-Churchill in the U.S. Represents Europe’s division into Democratic Western states and Communist Eastern Europe

U.S. Tries to Contain Soviets U.S. foreign policy of Containment: Policy geared towards stopping the expansion of Communism. Helping countries resist Communism Truman Doctrine: Financial support for countries resisting Communism Marshall Plan: Financial support for Western European countries to re build Also prevented Communism from becoming popular

The Berlin Airlift The City of Berlin was divided into West and East. The West was surrounded by Soviet controlled Germany Stalin cut off access to supplies U.S. and GB flew supplies into West Berlin for almost a year to keep them fed and supplied Stalin lifts embargo

Cold War Divides the World Small conflicts combined to be what we call the Cold War NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Alliance of U.S., Canada, Britain and many others to come to each others aid if attacked Warsaw Pact: created in response to NATO by the Communist countries

Threat of Nuclear War 1949 Soviet Union exploded their first bomb Arms race: the race to have more weapons than the other side. Brinksmanship: The willingness to to go to the brink or edge of war and the politics associated with that. ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile used to push the war into space Space Race

U-2 CIA put spy planes high in the skies above the USSR One was caught in 1960 Francis Gary Powers was caught and exchanged after a few years for a Soviet Spy Heightened Cold War tensions U.S. denied spying but was caught red handed

Assessment What were Stalin’s motives in supporting Communist governments in Eastern Europe? Why might Berlin be a likely spot for trouble to develop during the Cold War What factors help to explain why the U.S. and the Soviet Union became rivals instead of allies?