HAPPY THURSDAY BELLWORK: Write the correct tropism to each scenario. 1. You place a lily plant in your windowsill to observe the movement of the flower. 2. The roots of a rosebush absorb the moisture provided by the rain. 3. A vine uses the nearby fence to latch onto. 4. As a seed begins to germinate, the roots grow downward and the stem grow upward. Phototropism Hydrotropism Thigmotropism Gravitropism

Plant Notecards Pre-AP Biology Due Friday (3/6/15) Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Hydrotropism Sepal Leaf Spore Ovary Stamen Anther Ovule Stem Cellular Respiration Petal Stigma Phloem Stoma Filament Photosynthesis Style Flower Phototropism Thigmotropism Gametophyte Pistil Transpiration Germination Pollen Vascular Tissue Glucose Pollination Xylem Gravitropism Roots Guard cells

-Extra Credit -Fungi/Protist Quiz Redo. Due tomorrow -Extra Credit -Fungi/Protist Quiz Redo **Due tomorrow** Only here till 3:30pm

Essential Question: How do the reproductive and response systems interact (work together or overlap) in a plant? Standard: Describe the interactions that occur among systems that perform the functions of transport, reproduction, and response in plants. (B10B)

Anticipation Guide: Decide if the following statements are true or false with your partner Some plants are single celled organisms Plants are prokaryotic and animals are eukaryotic Plants are photosynthetic autotrophs Plants have chitin in their cell walls Pollination is a part of plant reproduction There are carnivorous plants

I. Plantae Kingdom. A. Plants are multicellular I. Plantae Kingdom A. Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. B. Plants perform photosynthesis using chlorophyll.

1. Most plants are fully autotrophs, but some are not. 2 1. Most plants are fully autotrophs, but some are not. 2. Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food.

C. Photosynthesis in Plants. 1 C. Photosynthesis in Plants 1. Plants use the energy from sunlight to carry out photosynthesis. 2. All plant cells need a constant supply of water because it is used in photosynthesis. LABEL THIS!

3. Plants also need carbon dioxide to carry out photosynthesis (making food) and oxygen to carry out cellular respiration (making energy).

D. Plant Structures and Functions 1 D. Plant Structures and Functions 1. Plants take up water and nutrients through their roots, but make food in their leaves. 2. Plants have special tissues that move water and nutrients up from the soil, and others that distribute the products of photosynthesis (oxygen and glucose) throughout the plant body.

Vascular tissue: specialized tissue used to move water and nutrients throughout a plant.

a) Xylem: carries water upward from the roots to every part of the plant. b) Phloem: transports food produced by photosynthesis. c) The combination of xylem and phloem allows some plants to move water, nutrients, and other dissolved materials from one end of the plant to another.

The three main organs of seed plants are roots, stems, and leaves.

Roots Hold plant in position Absorb water and minerals from the soil Specialized cells (root hairs) to increase surface area for water intake

5. Stems are supporting structures that connect roots and leaves, carrying water and nutrients between them.

Leaves are organs that perform photosynthesis and contain one or more bundles of vascular tissue.

a) The cuticle is a thick waxy layer of the epidermis (surface) that protects the leaf against water loss and injury.

Stomata: openings in the underside of the leaf that allow carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse (move) into and out of the leaf. Guard cells: specialized cells in the epidermis that control the opening and closing of stomata.

Let’s learn from the Frizz…

Transpiration is the loss of water through leaves.

Osmotic pressure keeps a plant’s leaves and stems rigid Osmotic pressure keeps a plant’s leaves and stems rigid. Wilting results from the lack of water—and therefore of the pressure in a plant’s cells.

Cones produce the seeds of some types of plants (gymnosperms) Cones produce the seeds of some types of plants (gymnosperms). Flowers hold the seeds of other types of plants (angiosperms).

Think-Pair-Share How do the leaves, stem, and roots work together to help a plant maintain homeostasis?

Plant Parts/Systems Reproductive System = Flower (with male and female parts) Transport System = tissues in stem Nutrient System = Leaf + Root Structural Support System = Stem + Roots All of these parts and systems work together to help a plant maintain homeostasis.

Flowers are reproductive organs made of four kinds of leaves: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

Sepals surround the flower bud before it opens, and protect the flower while it is developing. Sepals are green in many plants. Petals are brightly colored and found inside the sepals. They attract insects and other pollinators to the flower.

The two main male parts of the flower are the anther, which contains the pollen, and the filament, which holds up the anther. Together they make up the stamen.

Male Reproductive Structure A = Anther F = Filament

The three main female parts of a flower are the stigma, style, and ovary. Together they make up the carpel/pistil The ovary surrounds and protects the seeds.

The stigma is where pollen lands and pollination begins The stigma is where pollen lands and pollination begins. The style connects the stigma to the ovary.

Female Reproductive Structure The (sticky) stigma receives the pollen from the anther The pollen grows a tube down through the style Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce ovules J = Stigma K = Style L = Ovary O = Ovule

Pollination is when pollen is transferred (moved) from the male structure (stamen) of one flower to the female structure (pistil/carpel) of another flower.

So, this is what sexual reproduction in plants looks like...awkward A pollen grain is a tiny structure that contains the entire male gamete. It can be carried to other flowers by wind, insects, or small animals. So, this is what sexual reproduction in plants looks like...awkward

Pollination: the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma Click to view the animation Cross-pollination: pollen travels from one flower to another. **This is desirable in plants as it promotes genetic variation.

Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces genetic variation Self-pollination occurs when pollen falls from the anther onto the stigma of the same flower Self-pollination is not desirable as it reduces genetic variation

When a pollen grain lands on the stigma of a flower, it begins to grow a pollen tube. The pollen tube grows down the style and eventually reaches the flower’s ovary.

Once pollination occurs a tube grows from the pollen grain down through the style to the ovule stigma style carpel ovary Click to view the animation ovule Note: Petals not shown in order to simplify diagram

Fertilization: occurs when the pollen (male gamete) fuses with the ovule (the female gamete) **SEXUAL REPRODUCTION** Click to view the animation

Cone-bearing plants (gymnosperms) are usually pollinated by wind spreading their seeds. Flower-bearing plants (angiosperms) are typically pollinated by animals spreading pollen from one flower to another. Plants have adaptations like bright colors and sweet nectar in order to attract pollinators.

A seed is the embryo of a plant, surrounded by a food supply and encased in a protective covering. An embryo is an organism in the early stages of development.

The seed coat surrounds and protects the embryo and keeps the contents of the seed from drying out.

A fruit is a wall of tissue surrounding the seed and attracting animals to eat the fruit. When an animal eats a fruit, the seeds inside it travel through the animal’s digestive system and may get deposited many miles from the original plant.

Seeds dispersed by wind are typically lightweight, allowing them to be carried in the air or to float on the surface of the water. Seeds dispersed by animals are usually contained in sweet, fleshy fruits.

The two classes of angiosperms (flowering plants) are monocots and dicots.

Plant Quiz 1. Where is pollen made? stigma sepal anther ovary

Plant Quiz petals style nectary ovary 2. Where is the ovule found in a flower? petals style nectary ovary

Plant Quiz 3. Pollination is the transfer from….? the stigma to anther style to stamen ovule to filament anther to stigma

Plant Quiz 4. Cross-pollination… Increases variation Decreases variation Is only performed by insects Is only performed by wind

Plant Quiz 6. Flowers are adapted for animal-pollination by… Having bright petals and a scent Having a nectary Having feathery stigmas Having sticky stigmas

Plant Quiz water mechanical wind animal 7. Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture water mechanical wind animal

Plant Quiz animal mechanical water wind 8. Which mechanism for dispersal is used by the seed shown in the picture animal mechanical water wind