Models/Theories review Best advice: Review for this quiz in ‘full screen mode’ (F5) so you can look at models without seeing answers. Continue filling out your chart with info on the Geographers and their models/theories

Name the model or theory *Alonso & Ricardo *got left out of models project…. :0 Bid Rent theory

Name the model or theory John Borchert 1) Sail-Wagon Epoch ( ) - associated with low technology 2) Iron Horse Epoch ( ); steam-powered locomotive & spreading rails 3) Steel-Rail Epoch ( ); full impact of Ind. Rev. (steel), hinterlands expand 4) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch ( ); gas-powered internal combustion engine High Technology Epoch (1970-today ); expansion of service & information industries (not part of Borchert's model) Transportation & Urbanization model: The American Epochs Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities. AmericanurbanizationAmerican

Name the model or theory Norman Borlaug RIP, 2009  Green Revolution

Name the model or theory Esther BoserupPopulation and economic growth theory Not the worry wart regarding population

Name the model or theory ERNST BURGESSCONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH Burgess and Urban = BURban

Name the model or theory H. Carey The Gravity Model

Name the model or theory CHRISTALLERCENTRAL PLACE THEORY OF URBAN/SERVICES DEVELOPMENT

Name the model or theory SubSaharan City model DeBlij

Jared Diamond (1937-) Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997); geographic luck(environmental determinism)

Name the model or theory Ford/Griffin Latin American city model

Name the model or theory Joel Garreau Edge Cities/ Urbanization

Name the model or theory Gimbutas Kurgan hypothesis In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of theProto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the "Kurgans"; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe.Kurgan hypothesisKurganlinguisticsProto-Indo-EuropeanEurope

Name the model or theory HARRIS & ULLMANMULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH Multiple names = multiple nuclei

Name the model or theory Harold HotellingIndustry – –Locational interdependence –Ice cream/Starbucks theory

Name the model or theory HOMER HOYTSECTOR MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH Homer / sector

Name the model or theory KoppenClimate classifications

Name the model or theory August LoschIndustrialization – –Profit maximization –‘$$ make me happy’ guy

Name the model or theory Thomas MalthusTheory of overpopulation

Name the model or theory HALFORD MAKINDER HEARTLAND THEORY OF POLITICAL POWER MaKINDer is kind HEARTed

Name the model or theory Alfred MahanSea power theory of political growth

Name the model or theory McGee SE Asian city model

Name the model or theory PETER MULLERSUBURBANIZATION + TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS IN URBAN REGIONS Muller = Mules TRANSPORT

Name the model or theory Omran epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a re- leveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility ratesfertility rates

Name the model or theory FRIEDRICH RATZELORGANIC THEORY OF STATE GROWTH + ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM - Natural surroundings rule human action A RAT is ORGANIC/alive RATs live in the environment

Name the model or theory Ernst RavensteinGravity model of migration + Laws of Migration RAVENS fly/ MIGRATE

Name the model or theory Collin RenfrewLanguage diffusion by agricultural means CoLLin/Language…..

Name the model or theory Walter Rostow Stages of economic growth/development Be able to name the stages w/country examples RostOW = economic grOWth

Name the model or theory Carl Sauer Possiblism/Landscape Theory states that the cultural landscape is shaped by humans and various cultural aspects of their culture. Examples- Humans have altered the physical environment in many ways including the architecture humans build, the toponyms placed on certain locations, burial practices, and sacred sites that are established. Possibilism Humans can alter their environment Hoover Dam – changing the landscape

Name the model or theory Nicholas SpykmanHe who controls the Rimland, controls the world – political systems theory SPYKE the RIM

Name the model or theory Taylor and Lang World Cities Model tAyLor / LAng L.A. is a world city

Name the model or theory Warren ThompsonDemographic Transition Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to –improved economic production –and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area. (Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology.)

Name the model or theory VON THUNENAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN AN ISOLATED STATE SURROUND A MARKET ZONE THAT IS CIRCULAR Not Burgess, but look the same.

Name the model or theory Immanuel Wallerstein World Systems Theory / Core- Periphery model Wallerstein = World

Name the model or theory Alfred WeberLeast Cost theory and Industrial location theory Cheap guy/theory

Alfred Wegener Continental drift (1915): hypothesized that the continents were slowly drifting around the Earth. His hypothesis was not accepted until the 1950s, when numerous discoveries provided conclusive evidence (plate tectonics).

Name the model or theory Wilber Zelinsky

Name the model or theory G. ZipfRank-size rule for sizes of cities

Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model Nature/Perspectives Sauer Ratzel Koppen Wegener THEORIES/CONCEPTS > environmental determinism Possiblism, Climate classification system DEV/RESOURCES Rostow Wallerstein Thompson Theories/CONCEPTS > Stages of eco growth, world systems theory Demographic Transition Pop/Migration Boserup Malthus Ravenstein Omran Carey Zelinsky Ratzel THEORIES/CONCEPTS > Gravity model-migration push & pull factors, population & food supply issues rural to urban migration, Ties b/t population growth & economic growth, Demographic Transition Culture > Language diffusion (military vs agriculture… M. Gimbutas, C. Renfrew, Sauer, Ratzel

Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model Political Mahan Spykman Mackinder Ratzel Models/Theories/concepts Sea power Rimland theory Heartland theory Organic states AGRICULTURE Von Thunen Borlaug Boserup Christaller Renfrew Models/theories Agri in the isolated state Green Revolution Centers of Agri and diffusion of culture/language INDUSTRIALIZATION/ECO DEVELOPMENT Weber Rostow Wallerstein Thompson Borlaug (as related to development) Taylor/Lang Theories/CONCEPTS > Stages of eco growth, world systems theory Demographic Transition Least cost theory Green Revolution – links to development CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE Borchert, Burgess, Harris/Ullman Hotelling, Losch, Garreau, Christaller Hoyt, Muller, Zipf, Muller/Hartshorn, DeBlij, Ford/Griffin, McGee THEORIES/CONCEPTS US city structure: Concentric Zones v Sector v Multiple Nuclei, v Urban Realms, World Cities, Central Place Theory, Suburbanization, Edge Cities, African v Asian v Latin American city structures

Anatolian Hearth theory Correlation b/t source areas of 3 agricultural centers and 3 major languages Turkey/agriculture/food/language

Central Place TheorySpatial distribution of cities/service centers is a hexagon w/CP in the middle Chrystals…

Core-Periphery model World systems Places/regions can’t develop equally, somebody has to be poor!

Demographic Transition Model Birth and mortality rates are tied to stages of development

Demographic Transition Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to –improved economic production –and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area. (Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology.)

Dependency TheoryPoor country’s economy is tied to a rich country, usually it’s former colonizer Tied to Neo-colonialism

Gravity model of migration Relationship b/t volume of migration and distance from source & destination is inverse ‘Black Hole’ city

Heartland Theory Mackinder's Heartland (also known as the Pivot Area) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both Europe and Asia). He who controls Europe, controls the world ‘Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world’

Least Cost/Location Theory Minimizing transportation costs Cheap theory

Migration TheoryPush-Pull Forces impact choices FORCED VOLUNTARY IMPELLED CHAIN

Concentric Zone Model Burgess Focus on CBD importance b/c CBD is at the center of the model ????

Multiple Nuclei modelCBD is not as important, urban areas develop several CBDs

Sector modelBased on urban transportation routes and bid rent prices

World Systems Theory Development is applicable across scales – local to regional to global

Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. American urbanization Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities.American Urbanization: American Epochs

Edge Cities/ Urbanization

‘Where there is a Target, there is also a….’ Industry – –Locational interdependence –Ice cream/ starbucks theory

Industrialization – –Profit maximization –‘$$ make me happy’ guy

Connecting Agri/Ind/Medical revs to urbanization

Good review sites > site/geographymajorthe ories/ Models/Theories > http ://teacherweb.ftl.pinecre st.edu/snyderd/mwh/ap/ apgeographers.htmhttp ://teacherweb.ftl.pinecre st.edu/snyderd/mwh/ap/ apgeographers.htm Prezi for Models and Theories > gwfyvfnoy/ap-human- geography-models-and- theories/ Prezi #2 > 1d/ap-human-geography- models/ Flash cards for models/theories > et.com/ /ap-human- geography-models-theories- flash-cards / gwfyvfnoy/ap-human- geography-models-and- theories/ 1d/ap-human-geography- models/ et.com/ /ap-human- geography-models-theories- flash-cards /