Tuesday, February 17th, 2015 None! Classroom expectations: Wear Kenwood ID. Cell phones, music players, and headphones are put away. Food is disposed of or put away. Dressed appropriately. Notebook is out and you are ready for today’s class. None! Objective: We will discuss intra and intermolecular forces. Catalyst: Continue on your Intermolecular Forces Notes sheet: What is the difference between “intramolecular forces” and “intermolecular forces”? D

Homework What is hydrogen bonding? What causes London Dispersion forces? Rank the following intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest: dipole-dipole, ionic forces, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds. Rank the following intramolecular forces from weakest to strongest: ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds.

Homework What is hydrogen bonding? The attraction between hydrogen and Oxygen, Fluorine, and Sulfur atoms in other molecules. What causes London Dispersion forces? Temporary dipoles in nonpolar molecules. Rank the following intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest: dipole-dipole, ionic forces, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds. Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, hydrogen, ionic forces Rank the following intramolecular forces from weakest to strongest: ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds. Ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds

Announcements Lab starting Wednesday. Test MONDAY!! Lab Report Due the following Wednesday! NO LATE REPORTS ACCEPTED!! Test MONDAY!!

Agenda Catalyst Intermolecular Notes Exit Slip/Homework

Intermolecular Forces Influence the boiling point and melting point of a substance. The stronger the force the higher the melting and boiling point. gas liquid *Break through intermolecular forces when going from a liquid to a gas– NOT intramolecular!

Intermolecular Forces Based on your observations, which beaker held the substance with the weakest intermolecular forces?

Intermolecular Forces 4 different types of intermolecular forces exist Ionic – attraction of + and - ions

Intermolecular Forces Hydrogen – attraction of H to very electronegative atoms (O, F, N) Dipole-Dipole – attraction between partially positive and partially negative ends of polar molecules London Dispersion – attraction between non-polar molecules because of dipole moments

Ionic Intermolecular Forces Occur between ionic compounds Strongest attraction due to the positive and negative ions Crystal lattice structure formed due to attraction between molecules Examples: Na---Cl, K---Br, Ca---Cl

Intermolecular Forces Intramolecular Bond Intermolecular Force Force Strength Ionic Ionic Force strongest Covalent: Polar Hydrogen Bonding weak Dipole-Dipole Covalent: Nonpolar London Dispersion weakest

Card Sort With your elbow partner, sort the cards as described on the half sheet. Then, answer the questions on the half sheet in your notes. So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

Distilled Water vs Salt Water Forces present in distilled water: Dipole-Dipole Hydrogen Forces present in salt water: Dipole-Dipole Hydrogen Ionic So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

Explain: Elbow Partner Discussion Sugar is a covalent compound and salt is an ionic compound. Based on what you learned today, why will sugar have a lower melting point? Explain using the vocabulary from the lesson. Sucrose NaCl

Practice! What type of intermolecular forces will be present in a beaker full of: NH3? H2O? LiBr + water? So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

Answer the Critical Thinking Questions In your notes, answer the critical thinking questions on the back of the classwork half – sheet. So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

Exit Ticket Idk Mastered 1 2 3 4 5 Answer the following questions: 1 2 3 4 5 Answer the following questions: 1.) Rank the following intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest: dispersion, hydrogen, ionic, dipole-dipole 2.) What forces would be present in a container of sugar water vs a glass of salt water? Based on these forces, which container would evaporate first?

LAB DAY All food and drink MUST be put away! Pick up your binders and take out the sheets from Wednesday. You will need your sheets and something to write with. So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

CLEAN UP PROCEDURE Give the lab handouts back to Ms. Kline. Throw away ALL used paper towel. Leave all droppers in the appropriate beakers AT THE TOP OF THE LAB TABLES. Make sure all beakers are covered with the appropriate foil. All pennies should be accounted for. Tables should be wiped down with a Clorox wipe. Call Ms. Kline over to check when you are done. So, this is not REALLY what is happening, but going into a deeper discussion could cause more confusion and I think a surface level discussion can work at this moment.

Monday, February 23rd, 2015 Study for test! Classroom expectations: Wear Kenwood ID. Cell phones, music players, and headphones are put away. Food is disposed of or put away. Dressed appropriately. Notebook is out and you are ready for today’s class. Study for test! Objective: We will review for the exam. Catalyst: Pick up a whiteboard from the crate at the front. Take out homework from last week! D

Homework What is hydrogen bonding? The attraction between hydrogen and Oxygen, Fluorine, and Nitrogen atoms in other molecules. What causes London Dispersion forces? Electron movement in nonpolar molecules. Rank the following intermolecular forces from weakest to strongest: dipole-dipole, ionic forces, dispersion forces, hydrogen bonds. Dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, hydrogen, ionic forces Rank the following intramolecular forces from weakest to strongest: ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds. Ionic bonds, polar covalent bonds, nonpolar covalent bonds

Announcements Tutoring today after school Test WEDNESDAY Lab report due FRIDAY Remember, you are writing about only ONE of the experiments!

Agenda Catalyst Lab Review Study for test

Lab Review – Temp. Which substance had the greatest temperature increase? What does that tell us about the intermolecular forces? Which had the smallest temperature increase? What does this tell us about the intermolecular forces?

Lab Review – Temp. The more the temperature decreases, the faster the substance evaporates! Oil – a really BIG molecule – it cannot evaporate as quickly, even though we may have expected it to, because it is nonpolar, so it has the weakest intermolecular forces.

CHECK: Was your hypothesis supported or not? My hypothesis that _____________ was (supported/rejected) because ____________________.

Lab Review - Penny The penny held the greatest number of drops of which substance? What does that tell us about the intermolecular forces? The penny held the fewest drops of which substance? What does that tell us about intermolecular forces?

Lab Review - Penny The greatest number of drops held = strongest intermolecular forces! Fewest drops = weakest forces

CHECK: Was your hypothesis supported or not? My hypothesis that _____________ was (supported/rejected) because ____________________.

Answer: Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons Ionic Bonding Basics How are cations formed? Answer: Cations are formed when atoms lose electrons

Ionic Bonding Basics What are the properties of an ionic compound? Answer: High melting point, crystalling solid at room temp, high conductivity in water

Ionic Bonding Basics Draw the Lewis dot diagram for Copper (II) Chloride Answer:

Transition Metals and Polyatomics What is the charge on the transition metal in FeO2? Answer: 4

Transition Metals and Polyatomics What is the formula for Iron (III) Sulfate? Answer: Fe2(SO4)3

Covalent Bonding Basics How are covalent bonds formed? Answer: When nonmetals share electrons with nonmetals

Covalent Bonding Basics If two nonmetals share 4 electrons, how many pairs, or bonds, is that? Answer: 2

Covalent Bonding Basics What are the properties of covalent compounds? Answer: low melting point, brittle, not conductive, dissolves well in water

Lewis Dot Structure of Covalent Compounds Draw the Lewis dot diagram for CS2 Answer:

Lewis Dot Structure of Covalent Compounds Draw the Lewis dot diagram for Nitrate. Answer:

Lewis Dot Structure of Covalent Compounds Is the following compound polar or nonpolar? Explain your answer. Answer: Polar because more electrons are around nitrogen (EN diff)

Writing Formulae for Covalent Compounds What is the name for CCl4? Answer: Carbon Tetrachloride

Writing Formulae for Covalent Compounds Name the compound with the formula C3H8. Answer: Tricarbon Octahydride

Molecular Polarity What is a polar compound? Answer: A polar compound is a covalent compound that does not share electrons equally.

Molecular Polarity and IMF What type of INTERMOLECULAR forces would occur with the molecule HI (hydrogen monoiodide) Answer: Dipole-Dipole

Answer: HF because the electronegativity difference is greater Molecular Polarity What would be MORE polar: HBr or HF? Why? Answer: HF because the electronegativity difference is greater

Molecular Polarity and IMF Finish the statement: The hydrogen bonding intermolecular forces ONLY occurs when the hydrogen from one molecule is attracted to: Answer: N, O, or F of ANOTHER molecule

Molecular Polarity and IMF Draw two water molecules, label each atom (Oxygen or Hydrogen) as slightly positive or negative and the intermolecular forces between the molecules. Be sure to label the intermolecular force. Answer:

Molecular Polarity and IMF What is the strongest intermolecular force? Answer: Ionic

Molecular Polarity and IMF Why does distilled water have a lower boiling point than salt water? Answer: Distilled water only has hydrogen bonding as an intermolecular force while salt water has ionic and hydrogen bonding

Molecular Polarity and IMF Would Cl2 or HCl have a higher boiling point? Why? Answer: HCl would have a higher boiling point due to dipole-dipole forces that are stronger than London Dispersion forces