C H A P T E R Innisfree McKinnon University of Oregon © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Lecture Outline 3 Historical Settlement

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter Sections Exploration & Discovery Expansion & Settlement Economic Development & Urbanization Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives (Exploration & Discovery) Theory of first effective settlement Native settlement patterns in the U.S. & Canada Long term impacts of indigenous people Triangular trade Early Atlantic settlement patterns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives (Expansion & Settlement) 4 Cultural Hearths Settlement Regulation –Homestead Act, Donation Land Claim Act, Preemption Act Land survey systems Spanish settlement patterns in the SW Acadian forced migration

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Learning Objectives Economic Development & Urbanization –Advantages of port cities –Erie Canal & the development of NY city Evolving Immigration Patterns & Issues –The Great Migration –U.S. immigration policies

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. First Effective Settlement Geographer Wilbur Zelinsky The groups who successfully settled a place first had the longest impacts

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. First Peoples Migration Patterns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Native settlement patterns Many different native cultures, lifestyles Dense pop. in CA, PNW, SE U.S. Some cities >30,000

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. European exploration & imperialism Imperialism Donald Meinig: "The aggressive encroachment of one people upon the territory of another, resulting in the subjugation of the latter people to alien rule." >4 centuries of domination

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Slave Trade & African force migration

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. St. Lawrence River Montreal founded 1642 Fur traders By late 1600s > 10,000 farms Settlement expanded to Great Lakes, Mississippi & Ohio rivers French Settlement

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. French settlement Long lot system Allowed access to river Acadians forced to migrate from Nova Scotia to New Orleans (Cajuns)

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Russian settlement Aleutian Island, Alaska, and south to CA Competition w/American & British trappers for furs Sold N. American territory to U.S. in 1867

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Latin America

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Spanish Settlement Laws of the Indies 1573 –Guided settlement development Land grants –Pueblos, villas, and ciudades –Ranchos, colonias –Large, rectangular land grants Evidence of Spanish settlement remains –Spanish language –Architecture –Missions –Central plazas in S.W. towns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Dutch Settlement Dutch East India Company Merchants set up trade networks Settlement focused on Connecticut, Delaware, & Hudson River valleys New Amsterdam – Manhattan Island

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. British Settlement Jamestown, 1607 Puritans – Plymouth, 1620 English Quaker, William Penn –established Pennsylvania Metes & bounds land grant system

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Early immigrant patterns

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Ongoing Migration, Expansion, and Settlement European expansion starts from: U.S. –S. New England (Boston) –Middle Colonies (Philadelphia) –S. of the Chesapeake Bay (Virginia & Georgia) Canada –English domination expands west Spanish –Expanded from Mexico city N. to Florida, New Mexico, & Texas

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Major Cultural Hearths

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Territorial Acquisitions

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. U.S. land survey system

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Northwest Land Ordinance, 1785 Thomas Jefferson Township & Range system

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Laws encouraging settlement Homestead Act Preemption Act of 1841 Dawes Act – encouraged individual ownership by Native Americans

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Evolving Economic Development & Urbanization Eastern cities –Ports –Centers of trade –Connected hinterlands to European markets

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Transcontinental Railroad

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. The Great Migration 1920s African American families From the U.S. South To industrial jobs in Midwest, Northeast, West

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Settlement of ethnic groups

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Anti-immigration legislation Canada – Chinese Head Tax –Chinese Immigration Act U.S. –Asian Exclusion Act –National Origins Quota Acts 1921, 11924

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Immigration Reforms 1952 Immigration & Nationality Act –Expanded # of refugees allowed to immigrate 1965 Immigration Act –Repealed quota system –Band discrimination against Asians Canada –Reforms in the 1960s

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Post 1980s Immigration Globalization Rural-urban migration Brain drain to N. America Suburban settlement of immigrants

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. End of Chapter 3