Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Public Speaking: An Audience-Centered Approach – 7 th edition Chapter 7 Gathering Supporting Material This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: · any public performances or display, including transmission of any image over a network; · preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; · any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Steven A. Beebe & Susan J. Beebe

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 “Learn, compare, collect the facts!... Always have the courage to say to yourself – I am ignorant.” - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Supporting Material is Important There are various potential sources of supporting material. World Wide Web has resources. Carefully judge the quality of Web sites Libraries offer resources. Effective interviews can provide useful supporting material. Be sure to properly document resources.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Personal Knowledge & Experience Skills. Hobbies. Personal experience. These can boost your credibility.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material The Internet Most popular place for information. Directories: lead to subjects (e.g., Google). Search engines: use key-word or subject searches (e.g., Yahoo!). Vertical search engines: focused and specialized searches (e.g., Google Scholar). Boolean search: includes “AND” or “+.”

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Evaluating Web Resources Accountability: Is information about authorities disclosed? Accuracy: is information truthful? Correct? Exact? Objectivity: does site represent special interests? Date: is site current? Usability: does site have easy access?

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Library Resources Books. Periodicals. Full-text databases. Newspapers. Reference resources. Government documents. Special services.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Library Resources - Books Stacks: book collections. Card catalog: information file about library books.  Indexed.  Computerized.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Library Resources - Periodicals General-interest magazines (e.g., Newsweek, Sports Illustrated). Trade & professional journals (e.g., American Psychologist, Communication Monographs). Indexes: bibliographic listings of articles in periodicals.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Full-Text Databases Online: key word or subject search. Periodicals typically found. Newspapers, books, and government documents included. Academic Search Complete: largest multidisciplinary database. ABI/Inform: business & trade database. ERIC: education database.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Newspapers More current than periodicals. Allow more detailed coverage. Cover stories of local importance. Indexes contain bibliographic entries.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources Encyclopedias. Dictionaries. Directories. Atlases. Almanacs & Yearbooks. Books of Quotations. Bibliographic Dictionaries.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources - Encyclopedias General encyclopedias.  Encyclopaedia Britannica.  Encyclopedia Americana.  Wikipedia (BEWARE!!). Specialized encyclopedias (e.g., art, philosophy, music, psychology).

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources - Dictionaries Comprehensive.  Oxford English Dictionary.  Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Specialized.  Black’s Law Dictionary.  Others (geography, music, economics, etc.)

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources - Directories Encyclopedia of Associations. National Directory of Nonprofit Organizations. Telephone directories.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources - Atlases Focus on geographic data. Examples include:  Goode’s World Atlas.  Rand McNally College World Atlas.  Township Atlas of the United States.  Specialized atlases (e.g., history, politics).

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources – Almanacs & Yearbooks Collections of facts. Examples include:  Statistical Abstract of the United States.  World Almanac.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources – Books of Quotations Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Reference Resources – Biographical Dictionaries Who’s Who series. Dictionary of National Biography. Dictionary of American Biography. Directory of American Scholars. Biography Index.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Government Documents Records of official proceedings. Pamphlets, special reports & speech texts. Most important index: Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Special Services Interlibrary loans. Reciprocal borrowing with libraries of other colleges & universities.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Interviews Prepare ahead of time. Determine purpose. Schedule interview. Plan questions beforehand. Conduct interview promptly and with structure. Follow up with reviewing notes.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Potential Sources of Supporting Material Special-Interest Groups & Organizations Can be found through:  Web searches.  Encyclopedias.  Directories. Critically review the quality of information.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Research Strategies Develop a Preliminary Bibliography Should include possible resources to use in the speech. Be consistent with the format (APA, MLA, etc.). Know your instructor’s preference.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Research Strategies Locate Resources Check if library subscribes to periodicals. Realize that photocopying might be necessary Consider asking librarians for assistance.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Research Strategies Evaluate the Usefulness of Resources Determine if resources have information to support ideas. Rank usefulness of resources.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Research Strategies Take Notes Write down various forms of support found. Follow SIFEC rule: “ S ingle I dea F or E ach C ard

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2009 Research Strategies Identify Possible Presentation Aids Make note of various visual forms of evidence (charts, graphs, pictures, etc.). These might be used as presentation aids.