INTELLIGENCE THEORIES

INTELLIGENCE VS. ACHIEVEMENT Intelligence: ability to learn from experience Achievement: knowledge and skills gained from experience Involves specific content (Spanish, History, Art) Intelligence makes achievement possible by giving people the ability to learn

CHARLES SPEARMAN’S TWO FACTOR THEORY All behaviors to be considered intelligent have a common underlying factor G Factor: general intelligence Ability to reason and solve problems S Factor: specific abilities Writing, Music

LOUIS THURSTONE’S THEORY OF PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES 8 factors make up intelligence Must have all 8 to be considered intelligent Visual/spatial Perceptual speed Numerical ability Verbal meaning Memory Word fluency Deductive reasoning Inductive reasoning

HOWARD GARDNER’S THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES Intelligence is based on different areas of the brain Intellectual potentials can be tapped given the right environment See attached handout

THURSTONE VS. GARDNER Thurstone: 8 factors, when taken together, make up intelligence Gardner: different intelligences are independent of each other; may change over time Criticism of Gardner: musical and bodily/kinesthetic are talents

ROBERT STERNBERG’S TRIARCHIC THEORY 3 different kinds of intelligence all work together Analytic: problem-solving skills Creative: ability to deal with new situations Practical: ability to accomplish everyday tasks

DANIEL GOLEMAN’S EMOTIONAL INGELLIGENCE THEORY 5 factors that are involved in success in school or on the job Self-awareness: ability to recognize own feelings Mood management: ability to distract oneself from an uncomfortable feeling Self-motivation: ability to move ahead with confidence and enthusiasm

DANIEL GOLEMAN’S EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE THEORY Impulse control: ability to delay pleasure until the task at hand has been accomplished People skills: ability to empathize, understand, communicate and cooperate with others