Bellringer (1/6/15) Define the following terms in your own words Revolution, population, middle class, upper class, and working class

Today’s Class (1/7/15) Outcome Agenda Be able to identify important terms regarding the Industrial Revolution. Be able to explain the impact & effects of the Agricultural Revolution. Agenda Bellringer Agricultural Revolution Notes Vocabulary Chart

The Agricultural Revolution

Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society Farming in England in the Middle Ages Villages feed themselves (subsistence farming) Farmland divided into 3 fields: Grain (wheat/rye) for bread Oats to feed livestock or barley for beer. One left empty (fallow) to regain soil fertility Animals grazed in common pastures – no fences 1

Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society Disadvantages Land use inefficient Livestock walked across fields, destroying crops. Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methods Forces for Change Population growing – more food needed French blockade by Napoleon – no corn import – more food needed 2

The Agricultural Revolution Forces for change spurred beginning of Ag. revolution. Enclosure Movement: Birth of Private Property Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology New crops (clover, alfalfa) added more nutrients to soil, increasing yield Landlords took fields for themselves, left peasants with less land. Converted crop fields into feeding pastures for sheep Villages lost common lands & political power, peasants became poorer (no land to farm) 3

The Agricultural Revolution Crop Rotation Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished by planting different crops in same fields More diverse crops improved soil & crop yield Fields not left inefficiently fallow – always in use 4

The Agricultural Revolution Other Discoveries New seed drills required fewer seeds per field – more efficient Corn and potatoes introduced from New World Corn produced more seeds than grains Potatoes easily grown, high nutritional value, large yields, able to feed poor Results of Agricultural Revolution More food available Population increased 5

Industrial Revolution Vocab Flip Chart Create a Vocabulary Chart with the following terms. Use either the textbook sections or the glossary to provide a definition. Draw a picture to go alone with the terms (do your best!) 12.1 – page 363 Capital, entrepreneur, cottage industry, puddling, industrial capitalism, socialism 13.1 – page 397 Bourgeoisie, proletariat, dictatorship, revisionist 13.2 – page 403 Feminism, literacy Labor Union, Tenements, Urbanization, Factory System, & Industrialization (when you get to these come see me!)

Bellringer (1/7/15) What is the difference between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie? What is the difference between industrial capitalism and socialism?

Today’s Class (1/7/15) Outcome Agenda Be able to identify and describe the Agricultural Revolution and explain how it lead to the development of the Industrial Revolution. Agenda Bellringer 10 minutes to complete Vocabulary Chart Review Notes – The Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution Worksheets Enclosure Movement Relation between Ag. Revolution & Ind. Revolution

From Agricultural Revolution to Industrial Revolution During the late 1700s, changes in farming methods and food production caused Great Britain’s population to increase. This population increase caused a shift in Britain’s economy: Moved from farming and handcrafts to an economy based on manufacturing by machines in industrial factories. This began the era of mass production by machines, which is the basis of the modern economy.

Bellringer (1/9/15) Explain one new discovery or innovation in farming and why it was important to the Agricultural Revolution.

Today’s Class (1/9/15) Outcome: Agenda: Be able to explain the cottage industry and its impact on the Industrial Revolution Agenda: Bellringer Study for Industrial Revolution Vocab Quiz (10 minutes) Industrial Revolution Vocab Quiz Agricultural Revolution Assignment Cottage Industry Reading & Questions

Industrial Revolution Vocab Quiz Have only a writing utensil on your desk Put everything else away

Agricultural Revolution Individual Response On the blank spaces at the bottom of the paper answer each of the following in a 6-7 sentence paragraph: Pretend you are either a manor Lord, or a village peasant and develop a logical argument either for or against the enclosure movement (Side 1) Hypothesize (make an educated guess) why the development of an Agricultural Revolution would prompt the need, or demand, for an Industrial Revolution (Side 2). Use the information from the assignment to help you answer these questions

Production Simulation Follow the instructions. . . . In your table row as a group, create your own greeting cards with the materials available and use the directions given to you. You will have ten minutes to complete this activity. Your group will be graded according to the instructions given to you.

Tuesday Jan 14th

Bellringer (1/12/15) Think back to your writing assignment… What impact did the enclosure movement have on the lower class? How would the agricultural revolution lead to the industrial revolution? Turn in your homework to the “Turn It In Bin” & Pick up a Cottage Industry worksheet (do not start yet)

Today’s Class (1/12/15) Outcome Agenda Be able to explain the factors that caused the transition from the cottage industry to the factory industry Agenda Bellringer Video Monday Cottage Industry Reading Video: Difference Between UK, Great Britain, and England Explained Notes: Cottage Industry to Factory System

From Agricultural to Industrial Revolution As a result of the Agricultural Revolution, the population of Britain increased. The death rate fell dramatically due to more food being available – less starvation More children meant families needed more income. Many people moved into towns in search of a better standard of living. Urban population grows faster than rural population Availability of urban workers allows factory owners to open more factories & produce more goods

Cottage Industry Reading

Difference Between UK, Great Britain, and England Explained http://youtu.be/rNu8XDBSn10 What four countries make up the United Kingdom? What makes up Great Britain? Where does England fit in? What is the difference between the Commonwealth Realm and the British Overseas Territories?

Notes - From Cottage Industry to Factory System

Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism The Cottage Industry, as it was in the late 1700s, was an early example of capitalism. Merchant’s Role in Cottage Industry Acted as coordinators between buyers and sellers. Supplied materials – wool and cotton – to cottages to be carded and spun Took supplies from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage, then sold finished cloth at market Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs = profit + larger investment = higher profit

Cottage Industry Visualized $ Merchant Merchant Spinning Cottage Weaving Cottage $ $ Cotton & Wool Mnfctrs Merchant $ $ Dying Cottage $ Merchant Market Market $ Market $

Cottage Industry Cotton Cloth Production

Cottage Industry and Early Capitalism An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism. Effects of Cottage Industry Big profits for new class of merchants Alternative source of income for peasants

Technological Advances Threaten Cottage Industry Cottage Industry could not keep up with demand for cloth. The invention of the flying shuttle made weaving faster. Thus, much more thread was required by the weavers so they could produce more cloth faster and make greater profits. Cottage thread production was too inefficient (slow)

A second Invention to Advance the Industry In 1764 James Hargrove invented the Spinning Jenny, which made the process of making cotton thread faster. In fact, now the thread making process was out pacing the weaving, making thread faster than it could be used.

Textile Industry and Factory System Textile Industry Invented New inventions - spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule - improved spinning rate Power loom sped up all stages of weaving process Cotton gin improves efficiency by separating cotton seeds from plant

Textile Industry and Factory System Rise of the Factory New machines, often too big for homes, were put in factories Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water Employers controlled workers’ hours, wages, and working conditions.

A Third Invention Effected the Power Source of the Cotton Industry Another new invention allowed the weavers to catch up with the spinners of the thread. The water-powered loom was invented by Edmund Cartwright in 1787. This invention made it more efficient and profitable to bring the workers to the machines in the factories where they would work in tandem (together)

Textile Industry and Factory System Effects of Textile Factories in Britain Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand-produced items Britain’s textile industry became world’s largest Ended Cottage Industry – most villagers forced to find work in urban factories

Writing Activity Assess the effect that new inventions had on the cottage industry developing into a factory system. (1/2 a page)

Exit Slip Explain how the factory system allowed entrepreneurs to make more money.

Bellringer In your own words describe the cottage industry and the factory system. Explain how you think the development of factories might change how people lived.

Wednesday, Jan 15th

Bellringer (1/15/14) In your own words, describe the cottage industry and the factory system. How do you think the development of factories may have changed how people lived?

Today’s Class (1/15/13) Outcome Agenda Be able to identify sources that powered the Industrial Revolution. Be able to explain what factors led Britain to leading the Industrial Revolution Agenda Bellringer Notes: Fueling the Industrial Revolution Inventors During Industrial Revolution Exit Slip

Need for More Power: The Steam Engine The Need for Energy Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills. Steam engine created in response to the need for more power. In 1782, James Watt improved an existing steam engine to allow it to power (drive) machines.

Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution High Pressure Now, cotton mills could be located anywhere, usually closer to the natural resources they needed (ships/trains bringing cotton, coal to fire the steam engine, etc…) How the Steam Engine Works Forces steam from high to low pressure. Coal is burned to produce steam. Steam forced from high to low pressure to move piston. Piston moves back and forth, turning wheel & driving machine. Low Pressure

Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution Effect of Steam Engine Steam power, used wherever coal existed, increased textile production Improved mining yields which increased availability of metals (copper, iron, tin) which fueled other industries

Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution The Need for Iron Used in farming tools, factory machines, railways. Smelting makes iron into steel (stronger), but requires carbon from coal. The Need for Coal Used in iron smelting, & steam engines as fuel

Iron and Coal: Energy for the Industrial Revolution Effect of Iron and Coal Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy – used steam engines for power

Transportation The Need for Better Transportation Increases in manufacturing demanded quicker and less expensive transportation. Pre-Industrial society used horses, mules, dirt roads

Transportation Inventions Effects of Railroads British government established stone and eventually asphalt roads Canals – connected cities with coal & iron mines Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829 Effects of Railroads Larger & quicker transportation network Cheaper transportation increased production profits Railways fueled other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Geography Climate good for textile production Damp climate kept cloth fibers soft & easy to work with Abundant natural resources (iron and coal) Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars Government Internal trade encouraged Population allowed to relocate Developed transportation systems

Why Britain Led the Industrial Revolution Social Factors British society more equal than others Colonial Empire Supplied raw materials for manufactured goods Provided a market for goods Advantages of Industrializing First No other countries competing for manufactured goods Monopoly on technology

Examining Inventors’ Contributions to Industrial Revolution

Exit Slip Choose one invention that emerged during the transition from the Cottage Industry to the Explain the following: The use of this invention (what it did) How this invention was different than previous methodology or technology that came before it.