PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART B 5 The Skeletal System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Bone Fractures Fracture—break in a bone Types of bone fractures Closed (simple) fracture—break that does not penetrate the skin Open (compound) fracture—broken bone penetrates through the skin Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Common Types of Fractures Table 5.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Repair of Bone Fractures Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent patch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5 Hematoma External callus Bony callus of spongy bone Healed fracture New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 1 Hematoma Hematoma formation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 2 Hematoma External callus New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 3 Hematoma External callus Bony callus of spongy bone New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture Figure 5.5, step 4 Hematoma External callus Bony callus of spongy bone Healed fracture New blood vessels Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage) Spongy bone trabecula Hematoma formation Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodeling
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Axial Skeleton Forms the longitudinal axis of the body Divided into three parts Skull Vertebral column Bony thorax
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Axial Skeleton Figure 5.6b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Skull Two sets of bones Cranium Facial bones Bones are joined by sutures Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable joint
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Skull, Lateral View Figure 5.7
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Skull, Superior View Figure 5.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Skull, Inferior View Figure 5.9
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Human Skull, Anterior View Figure 5.11
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Paranasal Sinuses Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity Functions of paranasal sinuses Lighten the skull Give resonance and amplification to voice
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Paranasal Sinuses Figure 5.10a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Paranasal Sinuses Figure 5.10b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Hyoid Bone The only bone that does not articulate with another bone Serves as a moveable base for the tongue Aids in swallowing and speech
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Hyoid Bone Figure 5.12