GROUND PREPARATION ‘CULTIVATION’. ‘CULTIVATION’ ‘.. Is the tilling of the soil and its vegetation or brash cover with implements to provide a favourable.

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Presentation transcript:

GROUND PREPARATION ‘CULTIVATION’

‘CULTIVATION’ ‘.. Is the tilling of the soil and its vegetation or brash cover with implements to provide a favourable environment for efficient establishment and early uniform growth of plants or regeneration…….it includes treatments such as mounding, moling, ploughing, ripping, scarifying and subsoiling.’ Cultivation of soils for Forestry F.C. Bulletin 119

REASONS FOR CULTIVATION Improves conditions for tree growth by changing soil and site conditions Enables successful and cost effective establishment of young trees Suppresses weed growth Improves rooting Improve drainage and aeration To improve natural regeneration

What is actually done in the ground prep? Brash moved Brash moved Break up humus and mixing of soil horizons Break up humus and mixing of soil horizons Improving pore space Improving pore space Break up compaction Break up compaction Change soil and air temperature near soil surface Change soil and air temperature near soil surface Alter soil moisture conditions Alter soil moisture conditions

What effects on….. Soil temperature Soil temperature Air temperature (frosts) Air temperature (frosts) Soil moisture Soil moisture Soil moisture in dry soils Soil moisture in dry soils Soil density Soil density

Choice of ground prep. equipment Size of area Size of area Site conditions Site conditions Environmental constraints Environmental constraints Availability of machinery Availability of machinery Versatility of machinery Versatility of machinery Cost in relation to benefits Cost in relation to benefits

Site conditions Restocking site New planting

Site conditions Reclamation site

Cultivation Street trees

Ground clearance Burning Raking Stump harvesting Brash harvesting

Cultivation Deep ploughing

Cultivation

Cultivation

Cultivation Ripping (or sub-soiling)

Windrowing

Brash raking

Brash rake

Mulching

Scarifying

Patch Scarifying

Continuous mounding

Excavator Mounding

Trench Mounding