THE NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF APRIL 25,2015 Part 7: Sixth Day Happenings Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA

THURSDAY: Day 6 PHOTOS CREDIT: ASSOCIATED PRESS These pictures are used only for educational purposes with zero financial benefit

LOCATION MAP (Credit: AP)

SEISMOTECTONICS (Credit: AP)

8 MILLION+ IMPACTED (Credit: AP)

THURSDAY: THE PRIMARY FOCUS ON SAVING LIVES AND PROVIDING FOR PEOPLE’S NEEDS NOW INCLUDES THE MORE REMOTE AREAS

THURSDAY MANY SURVIVORS, ESPECIALLY IN THE REMOTE LOCATIONS ARE ANGRY BECAUSE OF THE PERCEIVED SLOWNESS OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF AID;” - - -

ONE OF THE TENT CAMPS (Credit: AP)

MANY SURVIVORS ARE ANGRY AND PROTEST (Credit: AP)

MIRACULOUS RESCUES, BETWEEN SATURDAY AND THURSDAY, HELP TO TRANSFORM THE ANGER INTO A RAY OF HOPE

BABY RESCUED ON SUNDAY BY NEPALESE SOLDIERS (Credit: AP)

MOUNT EVEREST RESCUES ON MONDAY (Credit: AP)

GERMAN TEAM MAKES RESCUE ON WEDNESDAY (Credit: AP)

A RESCUE BY INDIAN TEAM ON WEDNESDAY (Credit: AP)

A RESCUE ON WEDNESDAY (Credit: AP)

THURSDAY MORE MIRACULOUS RESCUES OF SURVIVORS BURIED IN RUBBLE BEYOND THE “GOLDEN 48 HOURS;” - - -

NORWAY-ISRAEL-FRANCE TEAM RESCUE 24-YEAR-OLD WOMAN (Credit: AP)

15-YEAR-OLD BOY RESCUED BY ARMED FORCE POLICE (Credit: AP)

RECAP OF SATURDAY, SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, AND WEDNESDAY

“NEPAL WILL BEBOUND” Nepal’s Prime minister

WEDNESDAY “THE CALVARY ARRIVE:” RESCUE AND AID TEAMS FROM GERMANY, INDIA,CHINA, JAPAN, TAIWAN, THAILAND, NORWAY, RUSSIA, BHUTAN, USA, AND ISRAEL WERE WORKING WITH NEPALESE PROFESSIONALS IN REMOTE AREAS;

WEDNESDAY IN SPITE OF OVER 5,300 DEAD AND 10,000 INJURED, NEPAL WAS SHOWING SIGNS OF SLOWLY RETURNING TO NORMAL AS MANY RESIDENTS SLEEP AT HOME, BUT MANY PEOPLE PROTESTED OPENLY ABOUT THE SLOWNESS OF THE GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE,, ESPECIALLY WITH FOOD; - - -

TUESDAY NEPAL’S PRIME MINISTER, SUSHI KOIRALA VOWED IN A NATIONALLY TELEVISED ADDRESS TO REBOUND FROM THE DISASTER, WHICH IMPACTED 8 MILLION+ PEOPLE AND LEFT MILLION URGENTLY NEEDING FOOD, WATER, MEDICINES, SHELTER, AND SANITARY FACILITIES; - - -

8 MILLION+ IMPACTED (Credit: AP)

1.4 MILLION NEPALESE NEED FOOD AND OTHER NECESSITIES (Credit: AP)

TUESDAY (continued) AT LEAST 5,000 PEOPLE DEAD, 8,068 INJURED; PRIME MINISTER SUSHI KOIRALA SAID THAT THE NUMBER OF DEAD COULD REACH 10,000 AFTER THE REMOTE VILLAGES AND MOUNTAINSIDES ARE VISITED IN DETAIL; - - -

MASS CREMATIONS (Credit: The World Post)

TUESDAY (continued) THE GOVERNMENT HAD ESTABLISHED 16 LARGE TENT CAMPS IN KATHMANDU; MANY RSIDENTS CONTINUED SLEEPING IN THE STREETS OR IN OPEN SPACES AWAY FROM DAMAGED BUILDINGS, HOMES, AND WALLS;

TENS OF THOUSANDS SLEEPING OUTSIDES (Credit: AP)

TENS OF THOUSANDS WAITING (Credit: AP)

- - - AND PRAYING (Credit: The World Post)

TUESDAY (continued) HUNDREDS OF GLOBAL EMERGENCY SERVICES, CHARITIES, DISASTER RELIEF AGENCIES, AND VOLUNTEERS WERE DOING THEIR BEST TO GET TO NEPAL AND HELP THE PEOPLE IMPACTED BY THE DISASTER;

TUESDAY (continued) PLANES WERE NOW LANDING AT KATHMANDU AIRPORT;

RELIEF SUPPLIES ARRIVING AT KATHMANDU (Credit: AP)

2015/04/29/mchs/ In Nepal, where a devastating earthquake hit, two Il-76 Russian Emergencies Ministry rescuers arrived to participate in search and rescue operations. The composition of the composite detachment includes about 100 rescuers "Centrospas" and the center "Leader" EMERCOM of Russia - highly qualified specialists, including world-class rescuers, dog handlers, doctors and psychologists of the Center of Emergency Psychological Aid.

RELIEF SUPPLIES FROM SRI LANKA ARRIVING AT KATHMANDU (Credit: AP)

TUESDAY (continued) “S AND R” SURGED AS “GOLDEN 48 HOUR PERIOD” ENDED AND INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS FROM 12 COUNTRIES BEGAN ARRIVING TO ASSIST NEPALESE PROFESSIONALS WITH “S AND R” AND DISTRIBUTION OF AID;

TUESDAY (continued) SNOW, RAIN, AFTERSHOCKS, AND A MUDSLIDE THAT DEVESTATED A REMOTE VILLAGE (Ghodatabela),CONTINUED TO HINDER OPERATIONS;

TUESDAY (continued) UNITED NATIONS DISASTER ASSISTANCE FUND RELEASED $15 MILLION; WORLD FOOD PROGRAM BEGAN DISTRIBUTION, BUT WAS HINDERED BY RAIN AND LANDSLIDES.

TUESDAY (continued) BAD NEWS FOR THE FUTURE: Earthquake experts said Saturday's earthquake did not release all of the pent-up seismic pressure in the region near Kathmandu. According to GPS monitoring and geologic studies, “some 33 to 50 feet (10 to 15 meters) of motion may still need to be released,” said Eric Kirby, a geologist at Oregon State University.

SATURDAY, APRIL 25, 2015 A massive block of the Earth’s crust, roughly 125 km (75 miles) long and 61 km (37 miles) wide, lurched 3 m (10 feet) to the south Saturday over the course of 30 seconds. Riding atop this block of the crust was the capital of Nepal — Kathmandu — and millions of Nepalese people.

SUNDAY CAPITAL DEVASTATED; AFTERSHOCKS CONTINUED; AT LEAST 2,500 PEOPLE DEAD; AT LEAST 6,400 INJURED; THOUSANDS NEEDED SHELTER, FOOD, AND WATER; AVALANCHES; “S AND R” OPERATIONS ENERGIZED AND INTER- NATIONAL AID PLEDGED, BUT BOTH HINDERED BY A M6.7 AFTERSHOCK

USA, India, Sri Lanka. China, Pakistan Bhutan and European Union countries were among those who pledged money and assistance immediately.

SUNDAY Nepal’s capital became a tent city, as thousands of displaced residents stayed overnight in their dark gardens or out on the rubble-littered streets, afraid to go back inside because of aftershocks that exacerbated existing damage, triggered new avalanches on Mount Everest, and hindered search and rescue operations and all aspects of life.

MONDAY NEPAL: SHORT ON SHELTER, FUEL, FOOD, WATER, MEDICINES, POWER, TENTS, BLANKETS, TARPS, SANITARY FACILITIES, CASH, and WORKERS; - - -

MONDAY (continued) AT LEAST 4,000 PEOPLE DEAD, 7,180 INJURED; “S AND R” CONTINUED AS SOME INTERNATIONAL EXPERTS ARRIVED TO ASSIST IN STRICKEN CITIES AND ON MT EVEREST; ROADS AND TRAILS BLOCKED BY LANDSLIDES; AFTERSHOCKS CONTINUED.

MONDAY (continued): LIFE ALMOST SHUT DOWN Schools remained closed, most businesses were shuttered, banks were closed and ATMs lacked electricity to dispense cash. Long lines of motorcycles and cars formed at the few gas stations that had fuel.

MONDAY (continued): LIFE ALMOST SHUT DOWN The entire Katmandu Valley was suffering from drinking water shortages due to power outages and severe damage to utility pipelines.

MONDAY (continued): LIFE ALMOST SHUT DOWN Phone lines were down throughout the city, cellphone service was spotty and Internet access was very limited.

MONDAY (continued):STATUS OF “S AND R” and RELIEF Forty-eight hours after the M7.8 earthquake, rescue and relief workers had not yet reached numerous remote mountain villages, where some reports had suggested that 70% or more of the homes had been reduced to heaps of rubble and survivors needed all the basic necessities of life.

MONDAY (continued): LIFE ALMOST SHUT DOWN Rumors abounded everywhere that a bigger earthquake was eminent, creating additional concern among the survivors.

SLEEPING OUTSIDE AGAIN Tens of thousands of families slept outdoors for a second night, fearful of aftershocks that continued to happen. Camped in parks, open squares and a golf course, they cuddled children or pets to fight off chilly Himalayan nighttime temperatures.

SLEEPING OUTSIDE AGAIN They awakened to the sound of dogs yelping and jackhammers.

SOUNDS ON MONDAY MORNING As the dawn light crawled across toppled building sites, volunteers and rescue workers carefully shifted broken concrete slabs and crumbled bricks mixed together with simple household items: pots and pans; a purple notebook decorated with butterflies; a framed poster of a bodybuilder; so many shoes.

NEPAL’S MILITARY RESCUE TEAMS AT WORK (Credit: AP)

Nearing exhaustion, nearly the entire 100,000-member Nepalese soldier army was involved in search and rescue operations.

The work was slow because many workers — water tanker drivers, electricity company employees and laborers needed to clear debris— have gone to their families and are staying to help them.

Many roads and trails were blocked by landslides, and the airport that had been overwhelmed by traffic, or closed; hindering travel, work, and arrival of international workers and relief supplies.

YOURCOMMUNITYYOURCOMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS MONITORING HAZARD MAPS INVENTORY VULNERABILITY LOCATION RISK ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE PREPAREDNESS PROTECTION EM RESPONSE RECOSTRUCTION AND RECOVERY EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE