CHAPTER 20.2 THE CHICANO / A MOVEMENT

Compare: Teenagers in the 1960’s African American High School student Little Rock, Arkansas Mexican American Child of migrant farmer Los Angeles, CA Mexican American Child of migrant farmer Los Angeles, CA

Modern Day Hispanic Teenager Moment of Crisis Cultural Identity Crisis One foot in America, one foot in Mexico Do you assimilate, or stay true to your culture? Moment of Crisis Cultural Identity Crisis One foot in America, one foot in Mexico Do you assimilate, or stay true to your culture?

ASSIMILATE: To become an accepted member of a group To accept a new culture and learn a new language

Modern Day Hispanic Teenager Peer pressure Stay true to your Mexican culture If you do well in school, you are trying to be white If you mix with other races, you are trying to be one of them Peer pressure Stay true to your Mexican culture If you do well in school, you are trying to be white If you mix with other races, you are trying to be one of them

Vocabulary Mexican American - A citizen of the U.S. who is of Mexican descent and was born in the U.S. Hispanic - A person of Spanish descent Latino - A person of Latin American descent Undocumented - Migrants who lacks legal status as immigrants in the U.S.

ACTIVIST Someone who works to achieve Social or Political change

Pair - Share Brainstorm & write down the types of activities used by activists during the Civil Rights Movement

Protest To do something publicly to show you disagree

Demonstrate To protest while walking or standing with a group of people Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama

Sit-in To protest by sitting down and refusing to get up

Boycott To refuse to buy a product or to take part in an activity Montgomery Bus Boycott

The Chicano/a Movement Mexican Americans active in the Civil Rights movement from Chicano was originally a derogatory term meaning a child of an immigrant In the 1960’s, Chicano became the symbol of self-determination and ethnic pride The African American Civil Rights Movement was the catalyst and motivation for the Chicano Movement

Chicano Murals The creation of murals in the barrio (Chicano neighborhood) quickly became a way to visually capture a people's history, show their struggles for better futures, and to demonstrate culture and pride

“The Great Wall” by Judith Baca on Coldwater Canyon between Oxnard and Burbank

“Division of the Barrios and Chavez Ravine” by Judith Baca

1. What do you see in this mural? 2. What are the figures doing? 3. What is the theme or message?

Interpret the Mural 1. What do you see in this mural? 2. What is the figure doing? 3. What is the theme or message?

Bracero Program Bracero: “One who works with his arms” Importation of temporary contract laborers from Mexico during World War II

Zoot Suit Riots During WWII, as many as 50,000 service men were stationed in the L.A. area Military men on leave poured into L.A. bars for booze and women Zoot-Suited young men were seen as cultural rebels and delinquents Tensions escalated between drunk sailors and Mexican American youth

Zoot Suit Riots After a sailor was attacked, organized groups of sailors returned to attack the Zoot-suits and stripped them of their clothes

Zoot Suit Riots Street fights lasted a week in June of 1943

Zoot Suit Mural

Cesar Chavez Born in Arizona Family lost their farm during the Great Depression Moved to California to become migrant worker Served in the Navy during WWII Worked in the fields Organizer for the Community Service Organization Fought police brutality, registered Mexican Americans to vote, and made speeches on workers’ rights

United Farm Workers Co-founded by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta Supported the Delano Grape Strike which was a protest for higher wages Chavez led a strike of California Grape pickers Marched to the State Capital in Sacramento Dolores Huerta

Grape Boycott The UFW called for America to boycott table grapes for support The strike and boycott lasted five years Won collective bargaining rights for farm workers Fought against the Bracero Program and illegal immigration because it undermined the UFW goals

MAYO Mexican American Youth Organization Civil Rights movement in San Antonio, TX Involved in voter registration Led 18 school walkouts to demand equality in education for Mexican Americans Led to the La Raza Unida Party

La Raza Unida The United People A political party developed in Crystal City, Texas Led by Jose Angel Gutierrez Focused on improving economic, social, and political aspects of the Chicano community Campaigned for school board seats and political positions A political party developed in Crystal City, Texas Led by Jose Angel Gutierrez Focused on improving economic, social, and political aspects of the Chicano community Campaigned for school board seats and political positions

Rodolfo Corky Gonzalez Crusade for Justice Mexican American boxer, political activist, and poet Popularized the term Chicano Considered to be the founder of the Chicano Movement Created the Crusade for Justice in Denver, Colorado which provided a school for bilingual education

I AM JOAQUIN The Anthem of the Chicano Movement by Corky Gonzales I have endured in the rugged mountains Of our country I have survived the toils and slavery of the fields. I have existed In the barrios of the city In the suburbs of bigotry In the mines of social snobbery In the prisons of dejection In the muck of exploitation And In the fierce heat of racial hatred.

The music of the people stirs the Revolution. Like a sleeping giant it slowly Rears its head To the sound of Tramping feet Clamoring voices Mariachi strains Fiery tequila explosions The smell of chile verde and Soft brown eyes of expectation for a Better life. And in all the fertile farmlands, the barren plains, the mountain villages, smoke-smeared cities,

we start to MOVE. La raza! Mejicano! Espanol! Latino! Chicano! Or whatever I call myself What is the theme of the poem? What three lines are the most meaningful in this Anthem?

I have endured in the rugged mountains Of our country I have survived the toils and slavery of the fields. I have existed In the barrios of the city In the suburbs of bigotry In the mines of social snobbery / In the prisons of dejection In the muck of exploitation And in the fierce heat of racial hatred. And now the trumpet sounds, The music of the people stirs the Revolution. Like a sleeping giant it slowly Rears its head To the sound of Tramping feet Clamoring voices, Mariachi strains, Fiery tequila explosions The smell of chile verde and Soft brown eyes of expectation for a Better life. And in all the fertile farmlands, the barren plains, the mountain villages, smoke-smeared cities, we start to MOVE. La raza! Mejicano! Espanol! Latino! Chicano! Or whatever I call myself

Chicano Rock The Sounds of East LA

Brown Berets An organization to fight police brutality, inadequate public schools, and discrimination They decided to were brown berets as a symbol of unity In 1968, the Brown Berets helped organize a protest against unequal conditions in the Los Angeles Unified School District An organization to fight police brutality, inadequate public schools, and discrimination They decided to were brown berets as a symbol of unity In 1968, the Brown Berets helped organize a protest against unequal conditions in the Los Angeles Unified School District

The East L.A. Walkouts The Chicano Blowouts A group of high school students who lived in the barrios of East L.A. formed the Young Chicanos For Community Action Sal Castro, a teacher from Lincoln High, helped them organize

The East L.A. Walkouts Students demanded " better teachers, smaller classes and equal opportunity in higher education." Five local high schools were initially involved - Roosevelt, Garfield, Wilson, Belmont and Lincoln - and the efforts grew to 15 schools and over 20,000 students. Students demanded " better teachers, smaller classes and equal opportunity in higher education." Five local high schools were initially involved - Roosevelt, Garfield, Wilson, Belmont and Lincoln - and the efforts grew to 15 schools and over 20,000 students.

Eventually the protest turned violent when the police were called in

What were the goals of the Chicano Movement?