Get out your history homework

History of South Asia Ch. 24 Sec. 2

1. What were 3 developments of the Indus Valley civilization? Writing system Strong central govn’t Masters of overseas trade Organized, planned cities Uniform weights and measures

Indus Valley Civilization Mohenjo-Daro

2. What are 2 of the world’s oldest cities? What technology did they have? Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa Bricks made by kilns (still used today) Plumbing systems Sanitation systems Signs of dentistry: drilled, crowned teeth!

Mohenjo-Daro: Great Bath

3. What do many scientists believe led to their decline? Flooding Drought –Δ in monsoons leaves area cool & dry –Tectonic activity diverts river elsewhere Disease

4. Who were the Aryans? Light-skinned herders and hunters from the northwest (possibly 1700 B.C.E.) 5. What were the Vedas? Collection of sacred writings- show ideas of religion, social structure, hymns, etc. Hindu sacred text (to some); oldest in Sanskrit

Aryan Arrival

6. Aryan social class pyramid Priests Warriors & Nobles Artisans & Farmers Slaves, Criminals Structure was first (intermarriage, etc), but became more complex and rigid  caste system

7. When did the Mauryan Empire control S. Asia? What religion? B.C.E. (Chandragupta Maurya) –Ruled all but southernmost India Buddhism (Asoka’s pillars)

8. When did the Gupta Empire rule? What are things its famous for? Religion? C.E. ( Chandra Gupta I) Golden Age of India (sciences, math, astronomy, religion) –Concept of zero & infinity, origin of Arabic #s, heliocentric theory Hinduism

Medicine Literature Mathematics Astronomy Printed medicinal guides 1000 diseases classified Plastic Surgery C-sections performed Inoculations 500 healing plants identified Decimal System Concept of Zero PI = Kalidasa Calendar Solar Calendar The earth is round Gupta India Gupta Achievements

9. How did the Mogul (Mughal) Empire come to power? Muslim missionaries & traders were moving across Africa & Asia Moguls, over time, took control over most of Indian subcontinent (1526) –Most land gained under Akbar –Defeated only by British in 1857

Taj Mahal (Agra, India) CE by Shah Jahan

10. Who were the first Europeans? Portuguese, What was the East India Company and its significance? Began as a trade company for East Indies  mainly India & China Soon began ‘ruling’ some India ( ) British Crown then took control of India (there was a Dutch EIC that affected Africa, and SE Asia islands)

12. What did the British call their empire? How did colonization influence Indian culture? Raj (empire) Brought English language* New educational system Built RRs Civil/public services

Modern South Asia India 13. What is significant about 1947? –Gained independence from Britain 14. How was India further divided? -India formed for Hindus, Pakistan (east & west) for Muslims 15. How did the division of India impact people? -Forced to move to country of religion  violent conflicts erupted -Kashmir

Modern South Asia Sri Lanka 16. When did Sri Lanka gain independence, from who? from Britain; Ceylon  S.L. (1972) -Britain favored Tamils…prelude to civil war Maldives 17. When did the Maldives gain independence, from who? from Britain

Modern South Asia Pakistan/Bangladesh 18. What is significant about 1971? -Indo-Pakistani War b/w East & West, India fought against West Pak.  Bangladesh created -Extremely violent (began with genocide against Bengali Hindus)

Modern South Asia 19. List 2 regional conflicts. –Kashmir disputed b/w India & Pakistan Nuclear proliferation adds to tension – Tamils want independent state w/in Sri Lanka (civil war) (will discuss more with Webquest hw )

Modern South Asia 20. List the type of government of each country. –India: largest democracy in world –Pakistan: Islamic Republic with military involvement (unstable) –Sri Lanka & Bangladesh: democracies w/ instability due to ethnic clashes –Nepal & Maldives: was monarchy, now democracy (2008, 1968 respectively) –Bhutan: Democracy w/ monarch (2007)

Male, Maldives