Station A (9-square Vocacbulary) Mitosis = division of a cell’s nucleus Stem Cell = an undifferentiated cell; can become any type of cell Point Mutation = involves a change in a single nucleotide Gene Expression = turning a section of genetic information into a useful product Transcription = the process of transferring information from DNA to mRNA Translation = the process of decoding an mRNA message into a protein Codon = three consecutive mRNA bases Differentiation = specializing of a cell’s function Frameshift Mutation = involves a change that affects the entire amino acid sequence Cell Cycle = series of events that a cell goes through to grow and divide Polypeptide = a polymer of amino acids

Station B (Reading Questions) In 1917 the biologist Thomas Hunt Morgan conducted studies in which he kept some caterpillars in the dark and placed others under red, green, or blue lights. Exposure to red light produced butterflies with brightly colored wings. Exposure to green light resulted in dark-colored wings. Exposure to blue light or no light resulted in pale-colored wings. What was the mostly likely conclusion of Morgan’s research? c. The genes regulating wing color in butterflies are influenced by environmental factors. 2. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. The hemoglobin molecules produced by some people have one specific amino acid that is different from the amino acid at that position in normal hemoglobin. Which is the most likely cause? a. the hemoglobin gene contains a mutation 3. The mold Aspergillus flavus grows on grain. A. flavus produces a toxin that binds to DNA in the bodies of animals that eat the grain. The binding of the toxin to DNA blocks the processes of transcription, so it directly interferes with the animal’s ability to do which of the following? d. send mRNA from the nucleus to the ribosomes

Station C (QUIZ) Which of the following statements about mutations is false? All mutations affect the final protein sequence. Which of the following correctly puts the phases of mitosis in order? prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase Which organelles are involved in protein synthesis? nucleus & ribosomes Transcribe the following DNA sequence: TAC CAT AUG GUA Which of the following is not a difference between DNA and RNA? only DNA is a nucleic acid

Station C (QUIZ) - continued What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? nucleotide A cell spends the majority of its life in which phase of the cell cycle? interphase Enzymes are highly specific, which means - they can react with one type of substrate What are stem cells? undifferentiated cells According to the Amoeba Sisters Mitosis video, uncontrolled cell division leads to what disease? cancer

making cell specialized is go through Cells Cell cycle contain G1 phase grow includes DNA copies itself during interphase synthesis small sections are gives instructions to mRNA in during S phase prepare to divide replication genes read one at a time during G2 phase transcription chromosomes visible mitosis prophase gene expression followed by chromosomes line up followed by leads to chromosomes move away translation can happen during metaphase two nuclei cytokinesis making cell specialized is Mutations anaphase telophase differentiation