What are Plants

Importance of plants WWithout plants life on earth would not exist

Plants: PPrimary source of food for people and animals PProduce oxygen hhelp to keep us cool rrenew the air

sslow wind speed pprovide a home for wildlife bbeautify surroundings pperfume the air ffurnish building materials and fuel

Plants are: AAutotrophs EEukaryotes MMulticellular CCell walls CChloroplasts VVacuole VVascular or nonvascular HHave Complex life cycle

Adaptation of Living on Land  Plants had to develop the ability to:  Obtain water and other nutrients  Retain water!!  Transport materials  Support their structure  Reproduce

Classification of Plants Nonvascular Plants  Nonvascular:  Lack system of tubes to transport water and other materials  Low growing; thin cell walls cannot provide much support  No roots for absorbing water from ground  Obtain water directly from surroundings  Water and material passes from cell to cell (osmosis & diffusion)

Examples of Nonvascular Plants  Three major groups  Mosses  Liverworts  Hornworts  Rhizoids: root-like structure that anchors the moss and absorbs water and nutrients.

Moss Liverworts Hornworts

Vascular Plants  Vascular  Better suited to life on dry areas  Well developed vascular tissue to transport water and material throughout the plant’s body  Greater strength and stability; Can grow tall!!!

The Plant Kingdom 1.Circle the letter of each characteristic that plants share. a. heterotroph b. autotroph c. prokaryote d. eukaryote 2.Is the following sentence true or false? Plants make their own food in the process of photosynthesis. ________________________ 3.Plant cells have a(n) ________________________, a boundary that surrounds the cell membrane and separates the cell from the environment. 4.Cell walls are made mostly of ________________________, a chemical that makes the walls rigid. TRUE CELL WALL CELLULOSE

The Plant Kingdom a. b. c. d. e. f. Cell Wall Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Central Vacuole (water) Chloroplasts

The Plant Kingdom 6. Is the following sentence true or false? Only some plants are multicellular. ________________________ 7. A group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism is a(n) ________________________. Adaptations for Living on Land 8. List five things that plants must do to survive on land. a. ______________________________________________________ b._______________________________________________________ c. ______________________________________________________ d._______________________________________________________ e._______________________________________________________ 9. Plants living on land get water and nutrients from the _______________________________________________. FALSE, All Plants are multicellular Tissue Have a way to obtain/get water and other nutrients Retain water Transport material in their bodies Support their bodies Reproduce Soil

The Plant Kingdom 10.Why can a plant on land lose water and dry out?_______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Plants can lose water due to evaporation. When there is more water in the plant cells than in the air, the water leaves the plant and enters the air 11.Circle the letter of one adaptation that land plants have to keep from drying out. a. chlorophyllb. cell wall c. cuticled. vascular tissue 12.Some plants move water, minerals, and food with a system of tube- like structures called ________________________. 13. Is the following sentence true or false? Some land plants are supported by vascular tissue. ________________________ Vascular Tissue. True

The Plant Kingdom 14.What occurs during fertilization? _________________________________________________________ 15.Circle the letter of the name of a fertilized egg. a.sporophyte b.gamete c.gametophyte d.zygote 16. How do biologists learn which organisms were the ancestors of today’s plants? ____________________________________________ 17. A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants is called ___________________. 18. Why do biologists think that ancient green algae were the ancestors of today’s plants? _________________________________________________________ The union of the sperm cell with the egg cell. By studying fossils. chlorophyll. Land plants and green algae both contain the same form of chlorophyll

Complex Life Cycles 19. Plants produce spores during the ________________________ stage and produce sex cells during the ________________________ stage. 20. Is the following sentence true or false? The sporophyte of a plant looks the same as the gametophyte. ________________________ 21. What are two kinds of sex cells that a gametophyte produces? a.________________________ b.________________________ The Plant Kingdom Sporophyte Stage Gametophyte stage FALSE Sperm Cell Egg Cell