Objectives Describe how Theodore Roosevelt tried to limit the power of business. Summarize the main points of Roosevelt’s Square Deal. Identify the reforms promoted by Presidents Taft and Wilson.

Terms and People Theodore Roosevelt – first Progressive President; formed the Progressive Party trustbuster – person who works to destroy monopolies and trusts conservation – the protection of natural resources national park – natural area protected and managed by the federal government

Terms and People (continued) William Howard Taft – President who supported many reforms but lost Progressive support Woodrow Wilson – Progressive President who promoted the New Freedom program

How did reformers try to end government corruption and limit the influence of big business? Progressives had made important gains in state and local governments. By the early 1900s, they began to succeed at the national level.

Theodore Roosevelt was the nation’s first Progressive President. State legislator Police chief Assistant secretary of the navy Governor of New York Vice President Became President when McKinley was assassinated 5

Though he was not against all big businesses, Roosevelt was against what he called the “bad trusts.” “Good Trusts” “Bad Trusts” Efficient Fair Should be left alone Took advantage of workers Cheated the public Must be controlled or broken up 6

Roosevelt soon earned a reputation as a trustbuster, winning court rulings that eventually broke up the bad trusts. The courts broke up Northern Securities because it had violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. Because of Roosevelt, Standard Oil and the American Tobacco Company were also broken up. Finally, the Antitrust Act was used to limit trusts, instead of unions. 7

Roosevelt also supported Progressive goals in other areas. When miners went on strike to demand higher pay and shorter hours, he supported them. He encouraged Congress to require stricter inspections in meatpacking houses. He supported the Pure Food and Drug Act to protect consumers from false drug claims and harmful additives. 8

Everyone should have the same opportunity to succeed. In 1904, Roosevelt ran for President promising to give Americans a Square Deal. Square Deal Everyone should have the same opportunity to succeed. TR, as he was called, won a huge victory. 9

Roosevelt loved the outdoors and promoted conservation. During Roosevelt’s presidency, resources were being used at a frantic pace to fuel industrial growth. In 1905, he formed the U.S. Forest Service to help protect the nation’s woodlands. 10

He also set aside thousands of acres for national parks. 11

Roosevelt decided not to run for re-election in 1908. Many Progressives, including Roosevelt, supported William Howard Taft, who won easily. Taft Trustbuster Favored graduated income tax Supported workplace safety rules Supported eight-hour workday Controlled child labor Progressive Support

Despite his record of reform, however, Taft soon lost Progressive support. Raised tariffs Blocked conservation efforts

When Roosevelt lost, he formed his own party. Roosevelt decided to challenge Taft for the Republican party nomination in 1912. When Roosevelt lost, he formed his own party. Progressive Party Called the Bull Moose Party Nominated Roosevelt for President

The Democratic candidate in the 1912 election was Woodrow Wilson. President of Princeton University Governor of New Jersey Wilson promised to support Progressive goals.

On election day, Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, and Wilson won.

Like other Progressives, Wilson disliked the ruthless business practices of the trusts. He created a plan to restore free and fair competition among businesses. He called his program the New Freedom.

Wilson’s New Freedom put further limits on big business. Stops businesses from using unfair practices to eliminate competition Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Banned business practices that limit competition Stopped antitrust laws from being used against unions Clayton Antitrust Act

Wilson and Congress also took steps to regulate banking. Federal Reserve Act Set up a system of federal banks Gave the government the power to raise or lower interest rates and to control the money supply By 1914, the Progressives had gradually achieved many of their goals under Wilson, Taft, and Roosevelt.

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