What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down.

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Presentation transcript:

What is an alternating current (AC)? What is an AC generator? What is an AC transformer? How to calculate a transformer’s expected step-up or step-down AC voltage? ES Lesson 7: AC electricity © 2012 C. Rightmyer, Licensed under The MIT OSI License, 20 July 2012

The magnetic field generated by a coil of wire that has a current flowing through it. Electricity and Magnetism, Gareth Stevens Publishing, Steve Parker, 2007

A compressed coil of wire with a current passing through it acts just like a button magnet. [Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

ES demo 7-1. A moving magnetic field inside a coil of wire induces current in that coil. Make: Electronics, O’reilly [Publishing], Charles Platt, 2009 BE demo 1-2

How does an AC generator work?

Continuous slip rings required to connect current to the load. [Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

Direction and amplitude of generated voltage 7 IQT Corporation, Electric Pizza, An in house course, 2010

Electrical power delivery system Electricity and Magnetism, Gareth Stevens Publishing, Steve Parker, 2007

Direction and amplitude of the generated current [Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960]

How’d those electrons get into your outlet?

ES demo 7-2. Use a toy generator to produce AC and DC voltages. Display output using a multimeter and oscilloscope. BE demo 7-1

ES demo 7-3. Transformer operation using two AC voltmeters and an oscilloscope. ~ 1000 turns ~ 142 turns AC VOM 120 Volts AC AC VOM ~ 17 Volts AC Oscilloscope AC Sine Wave 1 Megohm resistor BE demo 1-4

Output on the secondary coil Output on the secondary coil depends on input voltage and turns ratio (V s ) = V p (N s / N p ) where: V s = voltage in secondary V p = voltage in primary N s = number turns in secondary N p = number turns in primary

Back up charts

Fields associated with different shaped magnets [Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960] [A.O.Smith: The AC's and DC's of Electric Motors]

Mutual coupling between electromagnetic fields [Intro to College Physics, Appleton-Century-Crofts, R.D. Rusk, 1960] (a) strong coupling (b) no coupling (c) weak coupling

One way to measure input and output currents LED VOM Amps VOM Amps AC Generator (Volts)

Constructing a transformer with a circular magnet

Second method for measuring the currents Light VOM V ac VOM V ac AC Generator (Volts)