Unit 12: Abnormal Behavior

Unit 12 - Overview Introduction to Psychological Disorders Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorders Mood Disorders Schizophrenia Other Disorders Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

Module 65: Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Introduction How should we define psychological disorders? How should we understand disorders? How should we classify psychological disorders?

Defining Psychological Disorders

Defining Psychological Disorders Disturbed behavior Dysfunctional behavior Maladaptive behavior Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Understanding Psychological Disorders

Understanding Psychological Disorders The Medical Model Philippe Pinel Medical model Mental illness (psychopathology)

Understanding Psychological Disorders The Biopsychosocial Approach Interaction of nature and nurture Influence of culture on disorders

Classifying Psychological Disorders

Classifying Psychological Disorders Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) DSM-5 Diagnostic labels Criticisms of the DSM

Labeling Psychological Disorders

Labeling Psychological Disorders Rosenhan’s study Power of labels Preconception can stigmatize Stereotypes of the mentally ill Insanity

Rates of Psychological Disorders

Rates of Psychological Disorders

Module 66: Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety disorder Generalized anxiety disorder Panic disorders Phobias

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2/3 women Continual worry, jittery, agitated and sleep deprived Free floating anxiety

Panic Disorder

Panic Disorder Panic disorder Panic attacks

Phobias

Specific Phobia Phobias Specific phobia Social anxiety disorder Agoraphobia

Phobias

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder An obsession versus a compulsion Checkers Hand washers

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Trauma Stressor and Related Disorders

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder PTSD “shellshock” or “battle fatigue” Not just due to a war situation Post-traumatic growth

Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD

Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD The Learning Perspective Classical and operant conditioning Stimulus generalization Reinforcement Observational learning Cognition

Natural selection Genes The Brain Anxiety gene Glutamate Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD and PTSD The Biological Perspective Natural selection Genes Anxiety gene Glutamate The Brain Anterior cingulate cortex

Module 67: Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

Depressive Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder Problems regulating appetite Problems regulating sleep Low energy Low self-esteem Difficulty concentrating and making decisions Feelings of hopelessness Persistent depressive disorder

Bipolar and Related Disorders

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar Disorder Mania (manic) Overtalkative, overactive, elated, little need for sleep, etc. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Bipolar disorder and creativity

Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders Many behavioral and cognitive changes accompany depression Depression is widespread Women’s risk of major depression is nearly double men’s Most major depressive episodes self-terminate Stressful events related to work, marriage and close relationships often proceed depression With each new generation, depression is striking earlier and affecting more people

Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders

Biochemical influences Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Biological Perspective Genetic Influences Mood disorders run in families Heritability Linkage analysis The depressed brain Biochemical influences Norepinephrine and serotonin

Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Biological Perspective

Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Social-Cognitive Perspective Negative Thoughts and Moods Interact Self-defeating beliefs Learned helplessness Rumination Explanatory style Stable, global, internal explanations Cause versus indictor of depression?

Understanding Depressive and Bipolar Disorders The Social-Cognitive Perspective: Depression’s Vicious Cycle

Module 68: Schizophrenia Spectrum

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Symptoms of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia (split mind) Not multiple personalities Psychosis (psychotic disorder)

Disorganized thinking Symptoms of Schizophrenia Disorganized Thinking and Disturbed Perceptions Disorganized thinking Delusions Delusions of persecution (paranoid) Word Salad Hallucinations Breakdown in selective attention

Symptoms of Schizophrenia Diminished and Inappropriate Emotions Flat affect Inappropriate Actions Catatonia Disruptive social behavior

Onset and Development of Schizophrenia

Onset and Development of Schizophrenia Statistics on schizophrenia Onset of the disease Positive versus negative symptoms Chronic (process) schizophrenia Acute (reactive) schizophrenia

Understanding Schizophrenia

Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Dopamine Overactivity Dopamine – D4 dopamine receptor Dopamine blocking drugs Glutamate

Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy Abnormal Brain Activity and Anatomy Frontal lobe and core brain activity Fluid filled areas of the brain

Maternal Virus During Pregnancy Understanding Schizophrenia Brain Abnormalities: Maternal Virus During Midpregnancy Maternal Virus During Pregnancy Studies on maternal activity and schizophrenia Influence of the flu during pregnancy

Understanding Schizophrenia Genetic Factors Genetic predisposition Twin studies

Understanding Schizophrenia Psychological Factors Possible warning signs Mother severely schizophrenic Birth complications (low weight/oxygen deprivation) Separation from parents Short attention span Disruptive or withdrawn behavior Emotional unpredictability Poor peer relations and solo play

Module 69: Other Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders

Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders Somatic symptom disorder Somatic (body) Conversion disorder Functional neurological symptom disorder Illness anxiety disorder Hypochondriasis

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Disorders Fugue state Dissociate (become separated)

Dissociative Disorders Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative identity disorder (DID) Multiple personality disorder

Dissociative Disorders Understanding Dissociative Identity Disorder Genuine disorder or not? DID rates Therapist’s creation Differences are too great DID and other disorders

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Feeding and Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge -eating disorder

Personality Disorders

Personality Disorders Cluster A Schizoid personality disorder Cluster B Histrionic personality disorder Narcissistic personality disorder Antisocial personality disorder Cluster C Avoidant personality disorder

Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Disorder Sociopath or psychopath Understanding antisocial personality disorder