Chapter Six Sections 1-3 Review Declaring and Fighting for Independence

The end of hope for a settlement After first shots at Lexington and Concord, Continental Congress delegates send Olive Branch Petition asking King to reconsider Intolerable Acts King rejects petition, orders 20,000 troops to colonies to “crush the revolt” Continental Congress reacts by setting up an army with George Washington as commander

The Patriots compared to the British Patriots at start of war have little sense of themselves as a nation, a poorly trained army, and a lack of important supplies They had advantages of a cause to fight for, a great leader in Washington, and familiarity with the land The British are far superior militarily and economically, but are far from home and do not have as much motivation to fight

Momentum toward Independence Beginning of military hostilities at Lexington, Bunker Hill, and Fort Ticonderoga Thomas Paine writes pamphlet “Common Sense”, arguing that there is no reason why colonists should maintain loyalty to the King or the country of Great Britain June Richard Henry Lee of Virginia introduces resolution of independence

Declaring Independence Five member committee appointed to write Declaration of Independence Thomas Jefferson is the principle author The Declaration begins with a statement of the natural rights of man, and the right of people to rebel. List of grievances against the King (violation of legal rights, unfair taxation, military attacks) Concludes with statement declaring independence

The War First year of war – Patriots defeated badly in New York in Battle of Long Island- British control New York Washington leads surprise attack on Trenton New Jersey in late December 1776 giving colonists much needed victory and follows up with victory at Princeton Battle of Saratoga another Patriot victory and becomes a major turning point

The Importance of Saratoga New England will be safe from British invasion- big boost to morale French decide to support Patriot war effort through alliance- they send troops and naval support Key officers from Europe include Marquis de Lafayette and Baron von Steuben

Lafayette: One of Washington’s Most trusted aides Von Steuben- provides needed discipline And training to Continental Army