Chapter 11 Section 3 Europeans Claim Muslim Lands Objective: Trace the decline of the Ottoman Empire & the rise of geopolitics in Muslim lands Vocabulary: Geopolitics, Crimean War, & Suez Canal

Setting the Stage The Ottoman Empire’s last 300 years had a steady decline in power Europeans competed with each other to gain control of the strategically important areas within the Ottoman Empire

Europeans Grab Territory Geopolitics: a foreign policy based on a consideration of the strategic locations or products of other lands The Ottomans controlled access to the Mediterranean & Atlantic sea trade Russia desired a port within the Mediterranean Sea Crimean War: a conflict in which the Ottoman Empire, with the aid of Britain & France, halted Russia expansion in the region of the Black Sea

Egypt Initiates Reforms Egypt initiated political & social reforms, in part to block European domination of its land The Ottoman Empire sent Muhammad Ali to govern Egypt However, he broke away & took control for himself He began a series of reforms in the military & in the economy Suez Canal: human made water way, connecting the Red Sea & the Mediterranean Sea The British oversaw financial control of the canal & occupied Egypt in 1882

Chapter 11 Section 4 British Imperialism in India Objective: Summarize the impact of colonialism, rebellion, & the early nationalist movement in India Vocab: Sepoy, “Jewel in the Crown”, Sepoy Mutiny, & Raj

Setting the Stage British economic interest in India began in the 1600s with the British East India Company The Mughal Empire fell apart in 1707 From 1757 until 1858, the East India Company was the leading power in India

British Expand Control Over India The British East India Company had it own army & staffed sepoys (Indian Soldiers) The British treasured India more for its potential than for its actual profit Britain considered India the “jewel in the crown” as the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies India benefited but was also harmed by British colonialism

The Sepoy Mutiny British controlled most of the Indian subcontinent However, there were many pockets of discontent Sepoy Mutiny: In 1857, rebellion of Hindu & Muslim soldiers against the British in India As a result of the mutiny, British took a direct command of India Raj: British rule after India came under the British crown during the reign of Queen Victoria

Chapter 11 Section 5 Imperialism in Southeast Asia Objective: Describe how imperialism affected Southeast Asia Vocabulary: Pacific Rim, King Mongkut, Emilio Aguinaldo, Annexation, & Queen Liliuokalani

Setting the Stage Pacific Rim: the lands surrounding the Pacific Ocean – especially those in Asia Western nations desired the Pacific Rim lands for their strategic location along the sea route to China Westerners also recognized the value of the Pacific colonies as sources of tropical agriculture, minerals, & oil

U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands Because Americans had fought for their independence from Britain, most of them disliked the idea of colonizing other nations Others believed the United States should fulfill its destiny as a world power, colonizing like the Europeans The United States acquired the Philippine Islands, Puerto Rico, & Guam as a result of the Spanish-America War in 1898 Filipino nationalists were not happy to trade one colonizer (the Spanish) for another (the Americans)

Hawaii Becomes a Republic The United States viewed Hawaii as a port on the way to China & East India American sugar plantations accounted for 75% of Hawaii’s wealth U.S. business leaders pushed for an annexation of Hawaii (adding the territory to the United States) Queen Liliuokalani was removed from power in 1893 In 1898, the Republic of Hawaii was annexed by the United States