PARTICIPLES AND PARTICIPIAL PHRASE 4/16/2017 PARTICIPLES AND PARTICIPIAL PHRASE Prepared by ITH ESARA

Participles A participle is a verb form that can function as an adjective. Kinds of participle Kinds Forms Examples Present Participles Ending in -ing The losing player got ashamed. Past Participles Ending in –ed or other irregular ending The married couple have jobs. Perfect participles Having + Past Participle Having been + Participle Having been warned, he never goes out at night. Prepared by ITH ESARA

4/16/2017 Participles Vs Verbs A verb shows an action, a condition, or the fact that something exists. A participle acting as an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun. Verbs Participles The judge has married a couple. The bird is singing. The married couple has one baby now. The singing bird is cute. Prepared by ITH ESARA

Participial Phrase Complements Direct Objects Indirect Objects A participial phrase is a participle modified by an adverb, a prepositional phrase, or accompanied by a complement. The entire phrase acts as an adjective. Complements NOTE: Not all of complements can be formed to be a participial phrase. Only direct or indirect objects can be formed to be a participial phrase. Direct Objects Indirect Objects Objective Complements Subjective Complements Prepared by ITH ESARA

Participial Phrase Examples 4/16/2017 Participial Phrase Examples 1. Participle + adverb = Participial Phrases Soledad speaking quickly is a teacher of English. 2. Participle + prepositional phrase = Participial phrases The clothes torn into small pieces are lying in the bed. 3. Participle + complement = Participial phrases Eating dessert everyday, I get fatter and fatter. A participial phrase modifies Soledad. A participial phrase modifies the clothes. A participial phrase modifies I Prepared by ITH ESARA

Punctuating Participial Phrases If a participial phrase begins a sentence, a comma is used after that phrase, before the sentence. Crying loudly, the boy was canned by his mother. A comma or commas are used to set off the participial phrase that is not important to the sentence (when a participial phrase modifies a proper noun or noun already identified in a sentence.) Angkor Wat, build by Khmer architecture, attracts visitors from all over the world. My youngest sister, not living with me, has a good job. I met Mr. John Miner, working with me last year. , , , , Prepared by ITH ESARA

Using Participial Phrases to combine sentences Participial phrases can be used to combine the information in two sentences into one sentence I have lost all money. I went home.  Having lost all money, I went home. OR  Going home, I have lost all money. The president shook hands with people. He barely made his way to the car.  Shaking hand with people, the president barely made his way to the car. OR  Barely making his way to the car, the president shook hands with people. Prepared by ITH ESARA

Nominative Absolutes A nominative absolute is a noun or a pronoun followed by a participle or a participial phrase that functions independently of the rest of the sentence. Nominative absolute can show time, reason, or circumstances. Time: Three year having passed, I decided to wait for her no longer. Reason: No body having any more to say, the meeting was closed. Circumstance: All the money having been spent, we started looking for work. Prepared by ITH ESARA

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