MODERN CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES

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MODERN CHEMISTRY CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES Sections 1 -3 Properties of Acids & Bases Acid-Base Theories Acid-Base Reactions Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Properties of Acids & Bases Section 14.1 Properties of Acids & Bases Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

White Wine to Grape Juice Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Properties of Acids Insert Holt Modern Chemistry PowerPoint Disc Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Sour taste Change the color of acid-base indicators React with metals to release hydrogen gas React with bases to produce salt and water Conduct electric current Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Household Acids Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 p. 467

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Acid Nomenclature Binary acid – contains two elements H & a higher electronegative element Table on page 468 Begin the name with “Hydro” then the name of the second element then “-ic” suffix Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Acid Nomenclature Oxyacid – contains hydrogen, oxygen and a third element, usually a nonmetal Table on page 469 Name is based on the polyatomic ion -ic more oxygen (-ate) -ous less oxygen (-ite) Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Acid Nomenclature Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Naming Oxyacids Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Common Acids Properties of Common Acids on page 470-471 H2SO4 – Sulfuric Acid HNO3 – Nitric Acid H3PO4 – Phosphoric Acid HCl – Hydrochloric Acid HC2H3O2 – Acetic Acid Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Voice-Activated Reaction Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Hydrangea and Acid-Base Indicators Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Household Acids & Bases Quick Lab on Page 472 McMurry Fay Disc 2 Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Properties of Bases Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Properties of Bases Bitter taste Change the color of acid-base indicators Feels slippery React with acids to produce salt and water Conducts electricity Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Household Bases Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 p. 467

Arrhenius Acid & Bases HCl (g) + H2O (l)  H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Arrhenius Acid - A chemical compound that increases the concentration of hydrogen ion, H+, in aqueous solutions HCl (g) + H2O (l)  H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) H+ is equivalent to H3O+ Aqueous acids and bases are electrolytes. Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Proton, Hydrogen ion, Hydronium H+ = a proton H+ (or a proton), attached to a water molecule = H3O+ + - + “+” means the atom has lost one electron Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Arrhenius Acid & Bases NaOH (s)  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) Arrhenius Bases - A substance that increases the concentration of hydroxide, OH- in aqueous solutions NaOH (s)  Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq) NH3 (aq) + H2O (l)  NH4+ (aq) + OH-(aq) Aqueous acids and bases are electrolytes. Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Arrhenius Acids & Bases Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Strong Acids An acid that ionizes completely in aqueous solution. STRONG ACID LIST HCl hydrochloric acid HI hydroiodic acid HBr hydrobromic acid H2SO4 sulfuric acid HNO3 nitric acid HClO3 chloric acid HClO4 perchloric acid MEMORIZE! Insert Holt Disc 2 Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Weak Acids An acid that releases few hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. - Dissociates slightly A reversible reaction in equilibrium Organic Acids Carboxyl Group - COOH Insert Holt Disc 2 Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Weak Acids Acid Ionization Constant Ka CH3COOH(aq) + H2O(l)  CH3COO-(aq) + H3O+(aq) [CH3COO-] [H3O+] Ka = Keq = [CH3COOH] MORE dissociated  MORE products  HIGHER Ka  STRONGER acid LESS dissociated  FEWER products  LOWER Ka  WEAKER acid Chapter 18 Section 3 Eq. of Acids, Bases & Salts p. 605-6

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Strong and Weak Bases Strong Bases – bases that dissociate completely – strong electrolytes Formed from Group I & II metals Weak Bases – bases that dissociate slightly – weak electrolytes Example: Ammonia, NH3 NH3 + H2O  NH4+ + OH- Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Strong Acids & Bases Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 p. 501

Strong & Weak Acid & Base Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 p. xx

Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477 Ch 14 Sec 1 Homework Page 476 # 1-5 Chapter 14 Section 1 Properties of Acids-Bases p. 466-477