Homeostasis and the adaptations that allow it!

The ability to maintain a stable, internal environment is called HOMEOSTASIS

All organisms must be able to maintain homeostasis the same way humans do They do this by: Body organization (organ systems working together) Physical adaptations (birds have wings that allow them to fly) Behavioral adaptations (bears hibernate during the winter when food is scarce)

Requirements for Maintaining Homeostasis An organisms must be able to sense changes in the external and internal environments It must be able to respond to those changes with appropriate adjustments

Homeostasis involves the coordinated regulation of the body’s systems Homeostasis is the body’s balancing act Assuring that internal conditions in the body remain within normal limits Healthy = Homeostasis = Balanced

Human Body Systems working together…

Explain how these two body systems work together to maintain homeostasis in humans: and

Human Body System Work Together Body Systems How do they work together? Skeletal and Muscular

Human Body System Work Together Body Systems How do they work together? Skeletal and Muscular The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement. Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment.

Respiration & The Human Body Systems Oxygen + Food Energy + Wastes ATP (Energy) + Carbon dioxide + Water Oxygen + Glucose All Body Cells Respiratory Digestive Circulatory Excretory

Respiratory System Brings oxygen into the body

Digestive System Digests food – breaks it down into smaller nutrient molecules Absorbs nutrient molecules into the bloodstream

Circulatory Systems Transports substances, such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide throughout the body

All Body Cells Mitochondria – site of cellular respiration Occurs in all body cells ATP = stored energy Some cells need more energy than others. Which ones? Muscle Cells

Excretory System Removes wastes: Lungs* – carbon dioxide and water Kidneys – urea and water Skin – perspiration (water & chemical wastes) *part of cellular respiration process

Human Body System Work Together Body Systems How do they work together? Skeletal and Muscular Digestive Excretory Circulatory Respiratory

Human Body System Work Together Body Systems How do they work together? Skeletal and Muscular The muscles attach to bones and pull them for movement. Movement is necessary to respond to changes in the environment. Digestive Excretory The digestive system breaks down food, and the excretory system removes wastes from the digestion process. Circulatory Respiratory The respiratory system brings oxygen into the body for cellular respiration, and the circulatory system carries that oxygen to cells. At the end of cellular respiration, carbon dioxide is produced as a waste. The circulatory system carries carbon dioxide to the lungs, and the respiratory system removes it from the body.

1. What two systems work together to help kick a soccer ball? A. Digestive and Respiratory B. Circulatory and Respiratory C. Skeletal and Muscular D. Nervous and Excretory

2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the body? Lungs Kidneys Brain Skin Bicep Adrenal Gland

2. Which of the following organs help in excreting wastes from the body? Lungs Kidneys Brain Skin Bicep Adrenal Gland

3. What two systems work together to supply the cells with nutrients from the foods we eat. Nervous and Digestive Digestive and Respiratory Digestive and Circulatory Circulatory and Respiratory

toad Animal Adaptations

Have you ever wondered how animals are able to survive in the wild? Animals have certain adaptations that help them to survive.

Adaptations Adaptations- a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its habitat.

We can separate adaptations into two categories: Physical AND Behavioral

Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. are body structures that allow an animal to find and consume food, defend itself, and to reproduce its species. Hey! I’m a walking stick. I look just like a stick you’d find on the ground. Physical adaptations help an animal survive in its environment. © A. Weinberg

Physical adaptation Camouflage use of color to blend in with surroundings The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings.

Did you see… a Cheetah? an Owl? an Octopus?

Camouflage Protective coloring or another feature that conceals an animal and enables it to blend into its surroundings.

Mimicry the ability of some creatures to imitate others, either by sound or appearance for protective purposes

(looking or sounding like another living organism) Physical adaptation Mimicry (looking or sounding like another living organism) The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart? I’m the Viceroy! Not poisonous Poisonous I’m the Monarch!

Physical adaptation Chemical defenses- Uses chemicals to warn off or confuse predators (like venom, ink, sprays)

Warning Coloration Conspicuously recognizable markings of an animal that serve to warn potential predators of the nuisance or harm that would come from attacking or eating it. The bold patterns of skunks and the bright colors of poison arrow frogs are examples of warning coloration.

Physical adaptations Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls, teeth) The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.

Behavioral Adaptations… Now let’s learn about Behavioral Adaptations… Behavioral Adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs.

Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions. Remember that Physical Adaptations are body structures. Each organism has unique methods of adapting to its environment by means of different actions.

We can divide Behavioral Adaptations into two groups: Innate Learned These behaviors happen naturally & don’t have to be learned. Carried by genes and are inherited. These behaviors must be learned or taught through observations and experience.

= Innate behaviors happen naturally & don’t need to be learned Methods of gathering & storing food Hibernating Defending oneself Finding shelter Raising young Migrating

Hibernation:is a state of inactivity in animals, characterized by lower body temperature, slower breathing, and/or lower metabolic rate

Foraging- Storing up food for seasons when food is scarce. May gain weight before hibernating.

Migration- Seasonal movements of organisms due to food availability or climate changes.

Learned behaviors Obtained by interacting with the environment and cannot be passed on to the next generation except by teaching. =

Behavioral Adaptations are animals’ actions. Behavioral Adaptations can be Instinctive or Learned.

Natural Selection Organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive long enough to reproduce Being tan is a characteristic that helps the beetle survive, ITS AN ADAPTATION! Therefore, well adapted organisms will pass on beneficial adaptations to their offspring!

Natural Selection Over time an adaptation will become more abundant in a population because it helps with survival.

Frog

Frog Anatomy and Adaptations External Nares Nictitating Membrane Forelimb Webbed Toes Anterior Posterior Tympanic Membrane Hind legs (jumping legs)

Nictitating Membrane External Nares

Internal Nares Maxillary Teeth Esophagus Vomerine Teeth Glottis Tongue Eustachian Tubes

Now list some physical adaptations that the frog has that help it live in its environment

Liver Gallbladder Pancreas Esophagus Stomach Kidney Small Intestines Large Intestines Ureter Cloaca Anus