University of Tabuk Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Department Of Medical Lab. Technology 4 th Year – Level 8 – AY

Donation Process By : Mr. Waggas Elaas MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas2

Topic outlines List of criteria used for the selection of blood donors List of instruments/materials used for the collection of donors blood Definition Plasmapheresis Cytopheresis Autologous donation Heterologous donation Steps in preparation of a donor prior to venisection and collection of blood Pre and post donation care MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas3

Why is Blood Donation So Important? Every 3 seconds someone needs a blood transfusion (in the USA). Blood must be donated, tested and provided to the hospital before it is needed. Each donation can help save 3 or more lives. How? Patients only receive a transfusion if their life depends on it. Why? MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas4

Definitions Autologous self; same individual; "autologous blood donation" Allogenic Different individuals but same species; “allogenic blood donation” MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas5

Apheresis Greek work meaning “take out” The process of removal of whole blood from a donor or patient, separating out specific portions, and returning the other portions to the donor/patient –Can be done for »Harvesting specific components for transfusion (plasma, platelet, red cells) »Removal of specific pathologic substances Cytapheresis To harvest specific cellular components such as platelets, granulocytes or red cells. Plasmapheresis To harvest plasma only and return back the cellular components to the donor/patient MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas6

Blood donation sites WALK IN DONATIONS Blood donors coming to the blood bank for donations Usually regular blood donors MOBILE BLOOD DONATIONS Major part of blood donations Blood donations out side hospital for »Targeted population group »Untargeted population group MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas7

Give an example for MOBILE BLOOD DONATIONS MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas8

Standard of practice in donor screening FIRST TIME DONORS Longer screening process to fully explain all parts of the donation process Expected to have more quires. REGULAR DONORS Shorter screening process AUTOLOGOUS BLOOD DONORS Planning for donation according to the time and need of blood MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas9

Levels of Community Blood Needs Urgent- We have less than 1 day supply of blood on our shelves and our hospitals have less than 5 days of supply Critical- We have less than 1 day supply of blood and our hospitals have less than 2 days of supply Emergency-We have less than 1 day supply of blood and our hospitals have less than 1 day supply and elective surgeries are being cancelled or rescheduling. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas10

Who Can Donate? Donors must be 18 or older, (17-year-olds may donate with written parental permission) Donors must weigh 45 kgm or more. Donors must show I.D. Donors must be in general good health. Each potential donor has a “mini-physical” to check vital signs and health history. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas11

Who Needs Blood? Trauma patients. Cancer patients. Transplant recipients. Surgical patients. People with blood diseases and disorders. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas12

Name three blood diseases and disorders that need regular blood transfusion. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas13

Whole Blood Donation The most common way to donate. Actual donation time of minutes Allow 45 to 60 minutes for registration, health interview, donation and refreshments. Blood is usually separated into red cells, platelets and plasma to help multiple patients. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas14

Apheresis Donation Automated collection process that can separate components as they are donated. Can provide a full patient dose of platelets for transfusion. Can also provide plasma and/or red cells. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas15

apheresis machine MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas16

The process of apheresis involves removal of whole blood from a patient or donor. Within an instrument that is essentially designed as a centrifuge, the components of whole blood are separated. One of the separated portions is then withdrawn and the remaining components are retransfused into the patient or donor. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas17 Apheresis Donation The components which are separated and withdrawn include: Plasma (plasmapheresis) Platelets (plateletpheresis) Leukocytes (leukapheresis)

Double Red Cell Donation Automated collection process. Enable donors to give two doses of red blood cells during one appointment. Donation time is approximately 30 minutes Can donate every 16 weeks. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas18

Steps in the Donation Process Registration Health History and Mini-physical Donation Refreshments MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas19

PHELEBOTOMY Preparation for the venipuncture »Reidentification of the donor to avoid errors »Selection of the arm and vein »Skin preparation, scrubbing of the area »Local anesthesia Venipuncture Mixing of the blood during the procedure Samples for the screening tests End of procedure MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas20

instruments/materials used for the collection of donors blood Electronic Donor Couch Blood collection Monitor (Mixing of the blood during the procedure) MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas21

Donor Couch MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas22

Blood collection Monitor MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas23

POST DONATION INSTRUCTIONS After donation, please rest in the donation chair for 10 minutes before getting up Eat and drink something before leaving Inform a staff member immediately if you have any unexpected reaction »Lightheadedness »Perspiration »Nervousness »Flushing Drink more fluids than usual during the next 4 hours MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas24

POST DONATION INSTRUCTIONS If there is bleeding from the site where the needle was placed raise your arm and apply pressure If you feel dizzy or faint, lie down or sit down, placing your head lower than your knees If either bleeding or faintness persists, return to blood bank If you become ill in the next 3 to 4 days, contact the department with information on our illness THANK YOU FOR YOUR DONATION. WE HOPE TO SEE YOU AGAIN SOON! MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas25

DONOR REACTIONS Vasovagal reaction Sudden fainting due to hypotension Neurophysiological response »Apprehension, first time donor, female »Emotional stress »Sight of blood Prevention »Donor screening »Psychological support through positive donor-staff relationship and reassurance »Physical comfort like temperature and surrounding environment MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas26

DONOR REACTIONS Hyperventilation Increased inspiration and expiration either rate or depth »Results in excessive loss of CO 2 Usually associated with anxiety Prevention and treatment »Reassure the donor »Ask the donor to cough to interrupt the pattern of breathing »Instruct the donor to rebreathe expelled air into a small paper bag MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas27

DONOR REACTIONS Hematomas A mass of blood (usually clotted) that is confined to a local region and usually results from the rupture of a blood vessel. Prevention is by effective collection technique. Resolves spontaneously or by apply ice pack. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas28

Donation Hematomas MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas29

AUTOLOGOUS DONATION A Donation by the intended recipient of his or her own blood or component for a possible subsequent transfusion Classification. E.g: Preoperative. MLT408 BB-CR, Mr. Waggas30

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