Active Shooter When the Shooter is a Terrorist: THE ROLE OF THE FBI

New York Joint Terrorism Task Force

F.B.I. Joint Terrorist Task Force The Mission of the JTTF PREVENT acts of Terrorism DISRUPT and DISMANTLE Terrorist Organizations

JTTF combines the “Very Best” of Federal and Local Law Enforcement Federal Law Enforcement Global and National Reach Access to Classified Intelligence Resources – Funding, Equipment Federal Prosecution Local Law Enforcement Knowledge of the Community Specialized Expertise Resources – Manpower State Prosecution F.B.I. Joint Terrorist Task Force

The JTTF covers – New York City’s 5 Counties - New York, Brooklyn, the Bronx,Queens and Staten Island. – Nassau, Suffolk, Westchester, Putnam, Orange, Dutchess, Sullivan, and Rockland Counties – Prosecutorial Jurisdictions 2 U.S. Attorney Districts The Southern and Eastern Districts of NY 13 County District Attorney’s Offices 1 NY State Special Narcotics Prosecutor

F.B.I. Joint Terrorist Task Force The New York JTTF was the 1 st of its kind in the Country Started in 1980 with 10 FBI Agents and 10 NYPD Detectives

F.B.I. Joint Terrorist Task Force 56 JTTFs operational across the country. Currently the NY JTTF is the largest with almost 400 investigators representing 45 different law enforcement agencies.

NY Joint Terrorist Task Force Participating Federal Agencies Federal Bureau of Investigation U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service U.S. Customs Service U.S. Secret Service U.S. Postal Inspection Service U.S. Marshals Service Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms Internal Revenue Service U.S. Dept. of State - Diplomatic Security Service U.S. Naval Criminal Investigation Service U.S. Defense Criminal Investigation Service U.S. Park Police Amtrak Police

NY Joint Terrorist Task Force Participating State and Local Agencies New York City Police Dept. Port Authority of NY & NJ Police New York City Dept. of Corrections New York State Police Rockland County Suffolk County Nassau County Metropolitan Transit Authority Police Yonkers, N.Y. Police

Terrorism During the past two decades, the U.S. Government has greatly expanded the FBI’s authority to investigate terrorist activities against U.S. interests overseas. Several laws and Presidential Directives have served to extend FBI investigative authority beyond U.S. borders when U.S. interests are harmed or threatened. (Including the Patriot Act of 2001.)

Active Shooter / Active Threat Defined AS:  Suspect(s) who is actively engaged in causing death or bodily injury to others. The incident location may contain a large number of potential victims and will be on-going when law enforcement arrives.

The Active Shooter and Terrorism 2002 Moscow Theater, Russia 2004 Beslan School Siege, Chechnya 2008 Mumbai Attack, India 2009 Holocaust Museum, Washington D.C Ft. Hood????

The Active Shooter and International Terrorism May serve as a precursor to actual plot (1998 Kenya, 2004 Beslan School Attack) Although not as common as IED use, it has been shown to be effective (2009 Mumbai) Not new to AQ – November 5, 1990 El Said Nosair attack at the Marriot Hotel, New York results in the death of Rabi Meir Kahane

Response to an Active Shooter Tactical – FBI SWAT teams Crisis Negotiation Computer Analysis Response Teams (CART) Crime Scene Bomb Technicians (SABT)/HAZMAT Victim/Witness assistance Investigation – Assistance – Lead Option of Federal Prosecution

Time will be the key factor for any response to an Active Shooter Scenario In most instances, FBI will not play a role as a First Responder Any FBI response will be coordinated with the existing Incident Command Response to an Active Shooter

Tactical Response Change in Focus: Secure the Scene vs. Engage the Threat Save lives through an aggressive non-traditional response. Engage the active shooter/threat as soon as possible. Apply rapid response tactics. Establish Entry Teams. Establish Search and Rescue Teams. Organize Incident Command.

FBI’s Primary Goal in Terrorism Matters DETECT PENETRATE DISRUPT DEFEAT Eliminate their ability to operate.

Addressing the Threat Intelligence Driven Counterterrorism Efforts aimed at identifying the plot – Improved information sharing at all levels of government – JTTF model Intelligence collection through all available means is the key to disrupting any threat. (All sources are considered.)

Identifying the Threat Behavior Analysis – No single “profile” of a school shooter Rarely impulsive Frequently based on retribution Not necessarily a terrorist motive The Active Shooter scenario may only be one option for the attacker

Radicalization Identifying the stages: – Pre-Radicalization is the point at which individuals are exposed to the extreme ideology – Self-Identification is the phase in which the individual begins to abandon his former identity and beliefs. – Indoctrination occurs when the individual progressively intensifies his beliefs and adopts the new ideology. He concludes that action is required to support and further the cause. – Action is the stage at which the individual accepts the duty to participate in the cause. While the other phases may take place over time, this phase can occur rapidly, sometimes only weeks.

Indicators of a Plot 2004 N.Y.S.E. Threat—Casing reports, Indications of surveillance 1998 Africa— Use of a cover business Radicalization of potential operatives Movement of unusual sums of money “Dry Run”—Bojinka, 9/11, Travel to areas of concern for terrorism (Pakistan, Somalia, etc…)

AQ Training Manual REQUIREMENTS for Hostage Taking/Active Shooter Capability to endure difficult circumstances and psychological pressure. In the case of a public kidnapping, the team will be under a lot of pressure. Intelligence and quick reflexes to deal with an emergency. Capability to take control over the adversary. Good physical fitness and fighting skills. Awareness of the security requirements prior to, during, and after the operation. Ability to use all types of light weapons for the attack.

Recent Intelligence AQ has encouraged operatives to consider smaller simpler attacks – Small successes are better than larger failures – Achieves a broader psychological effect – Less planning and resources necessary – Public places like shopping malls, transportation centers are a concern.

Public Contribution Public Contribution Maintain a heightened sense of Awareness Practice “Good Security” – Challenge People! Get I.D.! Ask Questions! Engage in “Target Hardening” Use Proper Tactics Report Suspicious People or Activities:

SEE SOMETHING, SAY SOMETHING – Community Outreach has been shown to work Operation Redeye Ft. Dix Plot – Families and Religious leaders are in a better position to identify potential problems Pakistan 5 were identified by family members Public Contribution Public Contribution

How it Works Event Begins – FBI may respond based upon available intelligence or based on the requests of another agency – Response may come from NYC or Resident Agency Initial Response by the FBI may be Investigative and Tactical FBI will integrate into existing Incident Command

How it Works FBI resources will be deployed if necessary/requested – SWAT – HAZMAT – SABT – Negotiators – ERT – CART

How it Works Is it Terrorism? – JTTF Investigation. NY Office Joint Operation Command (JOC) is activated. JOC will coordinate all FBI actives for the duration of the event Investigation will likely extend long after resolution of the event If there is a prosecution it will likely fall to the United States Attorney’s Office. There may be instances where other jurisdiction will be considered (Military or State?)

How it Works Resolution – Threat is resolved – Intelligence is disseminated – Training issues addressed

Eternal Vigilance is the Price of Freedom Thomas Jefferson