History Through Literature Unit 2 Chapter 6: Theodore Roosevelt and the Beginning of the American Century

Theodore Roosevelt Rich family Daily exercise – asthmatic Harvard with Phi Beta Kappa honors Published at 24 on muscular prose Rancher, cowboy, Politian Loved to talk – went blind in one eye Believed President should lead, boldly.

TR’s Friends Elihu Root – Sec of State for Teddy – turned State dept into a civilian organization John Hay – Secretary to Lincoln, Secretary of State under Teddy Roosevelt. Henry Cabot Lodge – Senator, pushed for strong navy Alfred Thayer Mahan – Fought in Civil War – The Influence of Sea Power on History – large Navies

US Imperialism Panama canal Wanted to prevent Europe from getting a foothold on Latin America – “preventive intervention” – Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

Teddy Roosevelt Jr. Assistant Sec of Navy, Governor or Puerto Rico, American Express, Brigadier General Political career ended - FDR Did not like FDR, “fifth cousin about to be removed” Attended officer training for 20 years – instrumental for officers in WWI and WWII WWI hero – Pershing WWII – Brigadier General – fired by Patton and Bradley(wrong friends) Later fought under Bradley at Utah beach (D-Day) Only General to go ashore with first wave – with cane, surveyed beach, changed plans – Utah most successful (though he would die) “we will start the war right here then” Him and his father, only father son combination to win the Medal of Honor. Died 1 month after D-Day of heart attack – buried with his brother who died in WWI in France.

Henry Luce Went to Yale – Skull and Bones Left school to start Time magazine Later started Fortune, Life, and Sports Illustrated. Wanted to make the US worthy of dominating the world – called it the American Century

George C Marshall Military General during WWII Chief of Staff – Roosevelt “chief organizer of victory” – Churchill coordinated the large-scale expansion and modernization of the U. S. Army – (X40) Sec of State and Defense Marshal Plan – Nobel Peace Prize

TR and Conservatism Big outdoorsmen Dams Forests – ¼ of forests were left. Desert Grand Canyon Passed legislation to protect all of these.

TR and Progressivism Progressivism – people who wage war on “evils”: monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice. Use government as an agency of human welfare. Three C’s – control of the corporations, consumer protection, conservation of natural resources “square deal” Backed workers instead of owners in coal mines Attacked “trusts” – Northern Security Company and J.P. Morgon The Jungle by Upton Sinclair